در این پست گام به گام نحوه ساخت یک تستر ترانزیستور را آموزش خواهیم داد.

برای ساخت این این دستگاه به تجهیزات زیر نیاز دارید.

تجهیزات لازم

درباره این پروژه

این یک تستر خودکار ترانزیستور برای شناسایی پایه ها و مشخصات مختلف نیمه هادی های گسسته (ترانزیستورهای NPN ، PNP ، MOSFET ها و غیره) است. همچنین مقاومت ها، خازن ها، القاگرها و غیره … را نیز ارزیابی می کند.

نحوه استفاده از تستر

برای آزمایش تجهیز مورد نظر آن را به یکی از پایه های تست TP2، TP1 یا TP3 متصل کنید. تجهیز می تواند ترانزیستورهای NPN ،PNP ، FET، مقاومت ها، خازن ها، دیودها، LED و موارد دیگر باشد.

هشدار: فقط خازنی را که قبلاً تخلیه کرده اید آزمایش کنید!
سپس دکمه TEST را فشار دهید و نتیجه تست را روی LCD 2 X 16 بخوانید.

مثالی از تست دستگاه با یک ترانزیستور

برای به دست آوردن پارامترهای بیشتر یا یک تست جدید، دوباره دکمه TEST را فشار دهید.
فشار دادن طولانی دکمه TEST پس از انجام یک تست، یک انتخاب منو به شما می دهد: برای پیمایش در انتخاب منو، دوباره دکمه TEST را فشار دهید و دکمه TEST را به مدت طولانی فشار دهید تا یک تابع خاص انتخاب شود.

موارد بیشتر در مورد توابع منو در زیر آمده است.

f-Generator (خروجی موج مربعی با فرکانس قابل انتخاب در TP 2) (تست پین 2)

PWM ده بیتی (فرکانس با خروجی چرخه کاری قابل انتخاب در TP 2)

در صورت گم شدن در فهرست، کلید ریست Arduino UNO را فشار دهید.

کد مربوط تستر

کد مربوط به تستر در زیر آورده شده است. کد را در Arduino IDE کپی کنید و یک sketch با اسم مناسب بسازید و آن را ذخیره کنید. سپس Arduino / Genuino Uno Board را انتخاب کنید، تأیید کنید و کد را بر روی برد آردوینو بارگذاری کنید. آردوینو استفاده شده در این پروژه برد آردوینو Uno دارای پردازنده مرکزی ATmega328 و چیپ مبدل CH340G است.

//Test with program in 
  #include <avr/io.h>
	#include <util/delay.h>
	#include <avr/sleep.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
  #include "stdint.h" //JLG
	#include <string.h>
	#include <avr/eeprom.h>
	#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
	#include <avr/wdt.h>
	#include <math.h>
	
	#define MAIN_C

	#include "Makefile.h" //JLG
	#include "Transistortester.h"
	#include "config.h"
	#include "part_defs.h"
	#include "lcd_routines.h"
	#include "lcd_defines.h"
	#include "wait1000ms.h"
	#include "autoconf.h"
	#include "tt_function.h"
  #include "tt_resistor.h"
  #include "bitmaps.h"
  #include "font.h"
  #include "24x32update_bitmaps.h"

	
/* defines global variables in RAM and EEprom from file tt_globals.h */
/* removed ifdef MAIN_C because always defined */
#define COMMON
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
  const int8_t RefDiff EEMEM = REF_R_KORR;	// correction of internal Reference Voltage

//  const uint16_t cap_null EEMEM = C_NULL;	// Zero offset of capacity measurement 
   const int16_t ref_offset EEMEM = REF_C_KORR;	// default correction of internal reference voltage for capacity measurement
   // the zero offset for capacity measurement for all pin combinations
  // LoPin:HiPin                        2:1    3:1    1:2                    marker  3:2                   1:3    2:3
   const uint8_t c_zero_tab[] EEMEM = { C_NULL,C_NULL,C_NULL+TP2_CAP_OFFSET,C_NULL+2,C_NULL+TP2_CAP_OFFSET,C_NULL,C_NULL }; //table of zero offsets
   // if the marker position of c_zero_tab is not equal the first position, the calibration has not run before
#endif
#ifdef SamplingADC
   const uint16_t c_zero_tab2_lo[] EEMEM = { C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100 };   // zero offsets for SamplingADC capacitance measurement, in 0.01 pF, lo voltage
   const uint16_t c_zero_tab2_hi[] EEMEM = { C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100 };   // same, hi voltage
#endif
#ifdef WITH_MENU
   const int8_t big_cap_corr EEMEM = C_H_KORR;	// default correction for big capacity measurement
 #if defined(WITH_FREQUENCY_DIVIDER) && !defined(NO_FREQ_COUNTER)
  #ifndef FREQ_SCALER
   #define FREQ_SCALER 0		// 1<<0 = 1
  #endif
  const uint8_t f_scaler EEMEM = FREQ_SCALER;	// default scaler for frequency measurement
 #endif
#endif

  const uint8_t EE_ESR_ZEROtab[] EEMEM = {ESR_ZERO, ESR_ZERO, ESR_ZERO, ESR_ZERO};	// zero offset of ESR measurement
#ifdef WITH_ROTARY_SWITCH
//  const uint8_t EE_RotarySwitch EEMEM = 0;	// rotation switch is not detected
#endif
#if ((LCD_ST_TYPE == 7565) || (LCD_ST_TYPE == 1306) || (LCD_ST_TYPE == 8812) || (LCD_ST_TYPE == 8814) || defined(LCD_DOGM))
  const uint8_t EE_Volume_Value EEMEM = VOLUME_VALUE;	// Volume Value for ST7565 controller 
#endif
#ifdef LCD_CHANGE_COLOR
  const uint8_t EE_BG_COLOR1 EEMEM = LCD_BG_COLOR & 0xff;	// lower bits of background color
  const uint8_t EE_BG_COLOR2 EEMEM = LCD_BG_COLOR >> 8;		// higher bits of background color 
  const uint8_t EE_FG_COLOR1 EEMEM = LCD_FG_COLOR & 0xff;	// lower bits of foreground color
  const uint8_t EE_FG_COLOR2 EEMEM = LCD_FG_COLOR >> 8;		// higher bits of foreground color 
#endif

struct Diode_t {
  uint8_t Anode[6];
  uint8_t Cathode[6];
  unsigned int Voltage[6];
};
COMMON struct Diode_t diodes;

struct Switch_t {

  union {
  unsigned long Pw;	// combined Mask
  uint8_t R[4];	// mask to switch a Pin with R_L,  mask to switch a Pin with R_H
  } Pin;

};

COMMON uint8_t NumOfDiodes;
COMMON uint8_t diode_sequence;

typedef struct {
  unsigned long hfe;		//current amplification factor 
  unsigned int uBE;		//B-E-voltage of the Transistor or RDS for E-MOS; Idss for JFET
  unsigned int current;		// current of Drain in 1uA
  unsigned int ice0;		// for BJT ICEO in 1uA; for FET cut-off voltage in mV
  unsigned int gthvoltage;	//Gate-threshold voltage 
  				// for bipolar gthvoltage is ICEs in 1uA
 #define ices gthvoltage
	// note: don't change the total size of the above fields, since the offsets of the following 3 fields are hard-coded in PinLayout.S
  uint8_t b,c,e;		//pins of the Transistor
  uint8_t count;
}trans_t;

COMMON trans_t ptrans;		// parameters of P type transistor
COMMON trans_t ntrans;		// parameters of N type transistor
COMMON trans_t *_trans;		// pointer to trans_t structure

COMMON uint8_t tmpval, tmpval2;
COMMON unsigned int ref_mv;      //Reference-voltage  in mV units (as read with ADC)
COMMON unsigned int ref_mv_offs;       //Reference-voltage  in mV units with eeprom offset for C
COMMON unsigned int adc_internal_reference;  //internal reference voltage of ADC in mV units
COMMON unsigned int adc_vcc_reference;  // reference voltage of ADC,if switched to VCC in mV units
COMMON  unsigned int RHmultip;	// Multiplier for capacity measurement with R_H (470KOhm)

#ifdef WITH_MENU
COMMON union t_frq{
  unsigned long dw;
  uint16_t w[2];
  uint8_t b[4];
} ext_freq;	// external frequency
//COMMON unsigned long ext_period; 
COMMON unsigned int pinchange_count;
COMMON unsigned int pinchange_max;
#endif

COMMON struct cap_t {
  // Attention! If you change this structure, you must also change defines in GetESR.S !!!!
  unsigned long cval;		// capacitor value 
  unsigned long cval_max;	//capacitor with maximum value
  union t_combi{
  unsigned long dw;	// capacity value without corrections
  uint16_t w[2];
  } cval_uncorrected;

#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff
  unsigned int esr;		// serial resistance of C in 0.01 Ohm
  unsigned int v_loss;		// voltage loss 0.1%
#endif

  uint8_t ca, cb;		//pins of capacitor
  int8_t cpre;			//Prefix for capacitor value  -12=p, -9=n, -6=µ, -3=m
  int8_t cpre_max;		//Prefix of the biggest capacitor
} cap;
  unsigned int cell_mv[3];	//remaining load voltages after discharge cycle

#ifndef INHIBIT_SLEEP_MODE
 /* with sleep mode we need a global ovcnt16 */
COMMON volatile uint16_t ovcnt16;
COMMON volatile uint8_t unfinished;
#endif

COMMON int16_t load_diff;		// difference voltage of loaded capacitor and internal reference

COMMON uint8_t WithReference;		// Marker for found precision voltage reference = 1
COMMON uint8_t PartFound;	 	// type of the found part 
COMMON uint8_t PartMode;		// description of the found part
COMMON char outval[10];			// String for ASCII-output i2lcd, u2lcd
//COMMON char OutBuffer[10];		// String for ASCII-output DisplayValue
COMMON uint8_t empty_count;		// counter for max count of empty measurements
COMMON uint8_t mess_count;		// counter for max count of nonempty measurements

COMMON struct ADCconfig_t {
  uint8_t Samples;		// number of ADC samples to take
  uint8_t RefFlag;		// save Reference type VCC of IntRef
  uint16_t U_Bandgap;		// Reference Voltage in mV
  uint16_t U_AVCC;		// Voltage of AVCC
} ADCconfig;

#ifdef AUTO_CAL
COMMON uint8_t pin_combination;		// coded Pin-combination  2:1,3:1,1:2,x:x,3:2,1:3,2:3
COMMON uint16_t resis680pl;	// port output resistance + 680
COMMON uint16_t resis680mi;	// port output resistance + 680
COMMON uint16_t pin_rmi;	// port output resistance to GND side, 0.1 Ohm units
COMMON uint16_t pin_rpl;	// port output resistance to VCC side, 0.1 Ohm units
COMMON uint8_t UnCalibrated;	// 0, if the tester is calibrated
#endif

#ifdef WITH_ROTARY_SWITCH
 #define ROT_MSK 0x03		/* must be power of two - 1: 3,7,15 */
struct Rotary_t {
 uint8_t state[(ROT_MSK+1)];	// coded state history of the rotatry switch, bit 0 == state of A-switch, bit 1 = state of B-switch
 uint8_t ind;		// index to the last entry of the state history (rotary switch)
 int8_t count;		// count of right steps, negative if left steps
 uint8_t incre;		// absolute value of step count
 #if WITH_ROTARY_SWITCH == 4
 // no rotary switch connected, UP and DOWN  key is present
 uint8_t a_state;	// history of switch A state for single UP switch
 uint8_t b_state;	// history of switch B state for single DOWN switch
 #endif
};
COMMON struct Rotary_t rotary;
COMMON uint8_t rotary_switch_present;	// is set to 1, if rotary switch movement is detected
// COMMON  const uint8_t EE_RotarySwitch; 	// rotation switch is detected
#endif
#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff
COMMON uint8_t DC_Pwr_mode;
#endif

COMMON uint8_t lcd_text_line;
COMMON uint8_t _lcd_column;

COMMON uint8_t last_line_used;
//#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1
COMMON unsigned int display_time;	// display time of measurement in ms units
//#endif
#if (LCD_ST_TYPE == 7920)
COMMON uint8_t lcd_bit_mem[64][16];
#endif
#if ((LCD_ST_TYPE == 7565) || (LCD_ST_TYPE == 1306) || defined(LCD_DOGM))
 COMMON const uint8_t EE_Volume_Value EEMEM;   // Volume Value for ST7565 controller 
#endif
#ifdef LCD_CHANGE_COLOR
COMMON union {
  uint16_t w;
  uint8_t b[2];
} lcd_bg_color;
#endif
#if defined(LCD_CHANGE_COLOR) || defined(LCD_ICON_COLOR)
COMMON union {
  uint16_t w;
  uint8_t b[2];
} lcd_fg_color;
#endif
#if defined(LCD_ICON_COLOR)
COMMON union {
  uint16_t w;
  uint8_t b[2];
} lcd_fg2_color;
#endif
/* END defines global variables in RAM and EEprom from file tt_globals.h */


	#ifndef INHIBIT_SLEEP_MODE
	  // prepare sleep mode
	  EMPTY_INTERRUPT(TIMER2_COMPA_vect);
	#endif
        #if !defined(INHIBIT_SLEEP_MODE) || defined(SamplingADC)
	  // ADC_vect is always required by samplingADC()
	  EMPTY_INTERRUPT(ADC_vect);
        #endif




/**************************************************
***      begin of transistortester program
***************************************************/
void setup() {
  
#ifdef WITH_HARDWARE_SERIAL
 Serial.begin(115200); // Serial Monitor
#endif

//#ifdef ARDUINO_UNO
// pinMode(A3,INPUT_PULLUP);// avoids external 10K Pullup
//#endif
	  uint8_t ii;
	  unsigned int max_time;
	#ifdef SEARCH_PARASITIC
	  unsigned long n_cval;		// capacitor value of NPN B-E diode, for deselecting the parasitic Transistor
	  int8_t n_cpre;		// capacitor prefix of NPN B-E diode
	#endif
	#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS
	  unsigned char options;
	#endif
        uint8_t vak_diode_nr;		// number of the protection diode of BJT
        union {
        uint16_t pw;
        uint8_t pb[2];
        } rpins;
        uint8_t x, y, z;
	  //switch on
	  ON_DDR = (1<<ON_PIN);			// switch to output
	  ON_PORT = (1<<ON_PIN); 		// switch power on 
	#ifndef PULLUP_DISABLE
	  RST_PORT |= (1<<RST_PIN); 	// enable internal Pullup for Start-Pin
	#endif
	  uint8_t tmp;
	  //ADC-Init
	  ADCSRA = (1<<ADEN) | AUTO_CLOCK_DIV;	//prescaler=8 or 64 (if 8Mhz clock)
	#ifdef __AVR_ATmega8__
	// #define WDRF_HOME MCU_STATUS_REG
	 #define WDRF_HOME MCUCSR
	#else
	 #define WDRF_HOME MCUSR
	 #if FLASHEND > 0x3fff
	  // probably was a bootloader active, disable the UART
	  UCSR0B = 0;		// disable UART, if started with bootloader
	 #endif
	#endif
          wait500ms();

	#if (PROCESSOR_TYP == 644) || (PROCESSOR_TYP == 1280)
	 #define BAUD_RATE 9600
//	  UBRR0H = (F_CPU / 16 / BAUD_RATE - 1) >> 8;
//	  UBRR0L = (F_CPU / 16 / BAUD_RATE - 1) & 0xff;
//	  UCSR0B = (1<<TXEN0);
//	  UCSR0C = (1<<USBS0) | (3<<UCSZ00);	// 2 stop bits, 8-bit
//	  while (!(UCSR0A & (1<<UDRE0))) { };	// wait for send data port ready 
         #ifdef SWUART_INVERT
	  SERIAL_PORT &= ~(1<<SERIAL_BIT);
         #else
	  SERIAL_PORT |= (1<<SERIAL_BIT);
         #endif
          SERIAL_DDR |= (1<<SERIAL_BIT);
	#endif

	  tmp = (WDRF_HOME & ((1<<WDRF)));	// save Watch Dog Flag
	  WDRF_HOME &= ~(1<<WDRF);	 	//reset Watch Dog flag
	  wdt_disable();			// disable Watch Dog
	#ifndef INHIBIT_SLEEP_MODE
	  // switch off unused Parts
	 #if PROCESSOR_TYP == 644
          #ifdef PRUSART1
	  PRR0 = (1<<PRTWI) |  (1<<PRSPI) | (1<<PRUSART1);
          #else
	  PRR0 = (1<<PRTWI) |  (1<<PRSPI) ;
          #endif
	//  PRR1 =  (1<<PRTIM3) ;
	 #elif PROCESSOR_TYP == 1280
	  PRR0 = (1<<PRTWI) |  (1<<PRSPI) | (1<<PRUSART1);
	  PRR1 = (1<<PRTIM5) | (1<<PRTIM4) | (1<<PRTIM3) | (1<<PRUSART3) | (1<<PRUSART2) | (1<<PRUSART3);
	 #else
	  PRR = (1<<PRTWI) | (1<<PRSPI) | (1<<PRUSART0);
	 #endif
//	disable digital inputs of Analog pins, but TP1-3 digital inputs must be left enabled for VGS measurement
	  DIDR0 = ((1<<ADC5D) | (1<<ADC4D) | (1<<ADC3D) | (1<<ADC2D) | (1<<ADC1D) | (1<<ADC0D)) & ~((1<<TP3) | (1<<TP2) | (1<<TP1));	
	  TCCR2A = (0<<WGM21) | (0<<WGM20);		// Counter 2 normal mode
	  TCCR2B = CNTR2_PRESCALER;	//prescaler set in autoconf
	#endif		/* INHIBIT_SLEEP_MODE */
	  sei();				// enable interrupts
	  lcd_init();				//initialize LCD
		
	//  ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;
	//  ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK;
	  if(tmp) { 
	     // check if  Watchdog-Event 
	     // this happens, if the Watchdog is not reset for 2s
	     // can happen, if any loop in the Program doen't finish.
	     lcd_line1();
             lcd_MEM_string(TestTimedOut);	//Output Timeout
	     wait_about3s();			// time to read the Timeout message
	     switch_tester_off();
	     return 0;
	  }

	#ifdef PULLUP_DISABLE
	 #ifdef __AVR_ATmega8__
	  SFIOR = (1<<PUD);		// disable Pull-Up Resistors mega8
	 #else
	  MCUCR = (1<<PUD);		// disable Pull-Up Resistors mega168 family
	 #endif
	#endif

	//#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1
	  // tester display time selection
	#ifndef USE_EEPROM
	  EE_check_init();		// init EEprom, if unset
	#endif
	#ifdef WITH_ROTARY_SWITCH
	//  rotary_switch_present = eeprom_read_byte(&EE_RotarySwitch);
	  rotary.ind = ROT_MSK+1;		//initilize state history with next call of check_rotary()
	#endif
#ifdef WITH_HARDWARE_SERIAL
//	ii = 60;
	ii = 30;
#else
	#if 1
	  for (ii=0; ii<60; ii++) {
		if (RST_PIN_REG & (1 << RST_PIN))
			break;	// button is released
	     wait_about10ms();
	  }
	#else
	  ii = 0;
	  if (!(RST_PIN_REG & (1<<RST_PIN))) {
	     // key is still pressed
	     ii = wait_for_key_ms(700);	
	  }
	#endif
	  display_time = OFF_WAIT_TIME;		// LONG_WAIT_TIME for single mode, else SHORT_WAIT_TIME
	  if (ii > 30) {
	     display_time = LONG_WAIT_TIME;	// ... set long time display anyway
	  }
#endif // WITH_HARDWARE_SERIAL
	#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1
	  empty_count = 0;
	  mess_count = 0;
	#endif
	  ADCconfig.RefFlag = 0;
	  Calibrate_UR();		// get Ref Voltages and Pin resistance
	#ifdef WDT_enabled
	  wdt_enable(WDTO_2S);		//Watchdog on
	#endif
	#ifdef WITH_MENU
	  if (ii >= 60) {
		while(function_menu());		// selection of function
	  }
	#endif

	//*****************************************************************
	//Entry: if start key is pressed before shut down
	loop_start:
	#if ((LCD_ST_TYPE == 7565) || (LCD_ST_TYPE == 1306))
	  lcd_command(CMD_DISPLAY_ON);
	  lcd_command(CMD_SET_ALLPTS_NORMAL);		// 0xa4
	#endif
	  lcd_clear();			// clear the LCD
	  ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK;		// activate Software-UART 
          init_parts();			// reset parts info to nothing found
	  Calibrate_UR();		// get Ref Voltages and Pin resistance
	  lcd_line1();			// Cursor to 1. row, column 1
	  
	#ifdef BAT_CHECK
	  // Battery check is selected
        Battery_check();
	#else
	  lcd_MEM_string(VERSION_str);		// if no Battery check, Version .. in row 1
	#endif	/* BAT_CHECK */

	  // begin tests
	#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff
	  if (WithReference) {
	     /* 2.5V precision reference is checked OK */
	 #if POWER_OFF+0 > 1
	     if ((mess_count == 0) && (empty_count == 0))
	 #endif
	     {
		 /* display VCC= only first time */
		 lcd_line2();
		 lcd_MEM_string(VCC_str);		// VCC=
		 Display_mV(ADCconfig.U_AVCC,3);	// Display 3 Digits of this mV units
		 lcd_refresh();			// write the pixels to display, ST7920 only
		 wait_about1s();		// time to read the VCC= message
	     }
	  }
	#endif
	#ifdef WITH_VEXT
	  unsigned int Vext;
	  // show the external voltage
	  while (!(RST_PIN_REG & (1<<RST_PIN))) {
	     lcd_clear_line2();
	     lcd_MEM_string(Vext_str);		// Vext=
	     ADC_DDR = 0;		//deactivate Software-UART
	     Vext = W5msReadADC(TPext);	// read external voltage 
	//     ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK;		//activate Software-UART 
	    uart_newline();		// MAURO replaced uart_putc(' ') by uart_newline(), 'Z'
	 #if EXT_NUMERATOR <= (0xffff/U_VCC)
	     Display_mV(Vext*EXT_NUMERATOR/EXT_DENOMINATOR,3);	// Display 3 Digits of this mV units
	 #else
             DisplayValue((unsigned long)Vext*EXT_NUMERATOR/EXT_DENOMINATOR,-3,'V',3);  // Display 3 Digits of this mV units
	 #endif
	     lcd_refresh();		// write the pixels to display, ST7920 only
	     wait_about300ms();		// delay to read the Vext= message
	  }
	#endif /* WITH_VEXT */

	#ifndef DebugOut
	  lcd_line2();			//LCD position row 2, column 1
	#endif
	  EntladePins();		// discharge all capacitors!
	  if(PartFound == PART_CELL) {
	    lcd_clear();
	    lcd_MEM_string(Cell_str);	// display "Cell!"
	#if FLASHEND > 0x3fff
	    lcd_line2();		// use LCD line 2
	    Display_mV(cell_mv[0],3);
	    lcd_space();
	    Display_mV(cell_mv[1],3);
	    lcd_space();
	    Display_mV(cell_mv[2],3);
	#endif
	#ifdef WITH_SELFTEST
	    lcd_refresh();			// write the pixels to display, ST7920 only
	    wait_about2s();
	    AutoCheck(0x11);		// full Selftest with "Short probes" message
	#endif
	    goto tt_end;
	  }

	#ifdef WITH_SELFTEST
	 #ifdef AUTO_CAL
	  lcd_cursor_off();
	  UnCalibrated = (eeprom_read_byte(&c_zero_tab[3]) - eeprom_read_byte(&c_zero_tab[0]));
	  if (UnCalibrated != 0) {
	     // if calibrated, both c_zero_tab values are identical! c_zero_tab[3] is not used otherwise
	     lcd_cursor_on();
	  }
	 #endif
	 #ifdef WITH_MENU
	  AutoCheck(0x00);			//check, if selftest should be done, only calibration
	 #else
	  AutoCheck(0x01);			//check, if selftest should be done, full selftest without MENU
	 #endif
	#endif
	#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff
          lcd_clear_line2();			//LCD position row2, column 1
        #else
          lcd_line2();				//LCD position row2, column 1
        #endif
	  lcd_MEM_string(TestRunning);		//String: testing...
	  lcd_refresh();			// write the pixels to display, ST7920 only
	 #ifdef WITH_UART
	    uart_putc(0x03);		// ETX, start of new measurement 
	    uart_newline();			 // MAURO Added
	 #endif
//
	  // check all 6 combinations for the 3 pins 
	//         High  Low  Tri
	  CheckPins(TP1, TP2, TP3);
	  CheckPins(TP2, TP1, TP3);

	  CheckPins(TP1, TP3, TP2);
	  CheckPins(TP3, TP1, TP2);

	  CheckPins(TP2, TP3, TP1);
	  CheckPins(TP3, TP2, TP1);

	  // Capacity measurement is only possible correctly with two Pins connected.
	  // A third connected pin will increase the capacity value!
	//  if(((PartFound == PART_NONE) || (PartFound == PART_RESISTOR) || (PartFound == PART_DIODE)) ) {
	  if(PartFound == PART_NONE) {
	     // If no part is found yet, check separate if is is a capacitor
#ifdef DebugOut
	     lcd_data('C');
#endif
	     EntladePins();		// discharge capacities
	     //measurement of capacities in all 3 combinations
	     ReadCapacity(TP3, TP1);
#ifdef DebugOut
	     lcd_data('K');
#endif
	#if DebugOut != 10
	     ReadCapacity(TP3, TP2);
#ifdef DebugOut
	     lcd_data('K');
#endif
	     ReadCapacity(TP2, TP1);
#ifdef DebugOut
	     lcd_data('K');
#endif
	#endif
	  }

#ifdef WITH_UJT
// check for UJT
        if (PartFound==PART_DIODE       
            && NumOfDiodes==2                // UJT is detected as 2 diodes E-B1 and E-B2...
//            && ResistorsFound==1             // ...and a resistor B1-B2
            && diodes.Anode[0]==diodes.Anode[1]      // check diodes have common anode
//            && (unsigned char)(ResistorList[0]+diodes.Anode[0])==2    // and resistor is between cathodes
           ) 
           // note: there also exist CUJTs (complementary UJTs); they seem to be (even) rarer than UJTs, and are not supported for now
           {
            CheckUJT();
        }
#endif		/* defined WITH_UJT */

#ifdef WITH_XTAL
        if (PartFound==PART_NONE || ((PartFound==PART_CAPACITOR) && (cap.cpre_max == -12))) {
           // still not recognized anything? then check for ceramic resonator or crystal
           // these tests are time-consuming, so we do them last, and only on TP1/TP3
           sampling_test_xtal();
        }
#endif

	  //All checks are done, output result to display

	#ifdef DebugOut 
	  // only clear two lines of LCD

	  lcd_clear_line1();
	#else
	  lcd_clear();				// clear total display
	#endif

	  _trans = &ntrans;			// default transistor structure to show
	  if (PartFound == PART_THYRISTOR) {
#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS
            lcd_big_icon(THYRISTOR|LCD_UPPER_LEFT);
            lcd_draw_trans_pins(-8, 16);
            lcd_set_cursor(0,TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON);		// position behind the icon, Line 1
	    lcd_MEM_string(Thyristor);		//"Thyristor"
#else
	    lcd_MEM_string(Thyristor);		//"Thyristor"
            PinLayout(Cathode_char,'G','A'); 	// CGA= or 123=...
#endif
            goto TyUfAusgabe;
          }

  if (PartFound == PART_TRIAC) {
#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS
    lcd_big_icon(TRIAC|LCD_UPPER_LEFT);
    lcd_draw_trans_pins(-8, 16);
    lcd_set_cursor(0,TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON);		// position behind the icon, Line 1
    lcd_MEM_string(Triac);		//"Triac"
#else
    lcd_MEM_string(Triac);		//"Triac"
    PinLayout('1','G','2'); 	// CGA= or 123=...
#endif
    goto TyUfAusgabe;
  }

#ifdef WITH_PUT
   if (PartFound == PART_PUT) {
      static const unsigned char PUT_str[] MEM_TEXT = "PUT";
      lcd_MEM_string(PUT_str);
      _trans=&ptrans;
      PinLayout('A','G',Cathode_char);
      goto TyUfAusgabe;
   }
#endif

#ifdef WITH_UJT
   if (PartFound == PART_UJT) {
      static const unsigned char UJT_str[] MEM_TEXT = "UJT";
      lcd_MEM_string(UJT_str);
      PinLayout('1','E','2');
 #ifdef SamplingADC
      static const unsigned char eta_str[] MEM_TEXT = " eta=";
      lcd_next_line(0);
      ResistorChecked[ntrans.e - TP_MIN + ntrans.c - TP_MIN - 1] = 0;	// forget last resistance measurement
      GetResistance(ntrans.c, ntrans.e);	// resistor value is in ResistorVal[resnum]
      DisplayValue(ResistorVal[ntrans.e - TP_MIN + ntrans.c - TP_MIN - 1],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,2);
      lcd_MEM_string(eta_str);		//"eta="
      DisplayValue(ntrans.gthvoltage,0,'%',3);
 #else /* ! SamplingADC */
      static const unsigned char R12_str[] MEM_TEXT = "R12=";
      lcd_next_line(0);
      lcd_MEM_string(R12_str);		//"R12="
      DisplayValue(ResistorVal[ntrans.e - TP_MIN + ntrans.c - TP_MIN - 1],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,2);
      lcd_data(',');
      DisplayValue(((RR680PL * (unsigned long)(ADCconfig.U_AVCC - ntrans.uBE)) / ntrans.uBE)-RRpinPL,-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
 #endif	 /* SamplingADC */
      goto tt_end;
   }
#endif /* WITH_UJT */

  if (PartFound == PART_CAPACITOR) {
#if FLASHEND > 0x3fff
     if ((cap.ca + cap.cb) == (TP1 + TP3)) {
        show_Cap13();		// repeated capacity measurement
        goto shut_off;		// key was pressed or timeout
     }
     show_cap(0);		// show capacity in normal way and measure additional parameters
#else
     show_cap_simple();		// show capacity in normal way and measure additional parameters
#endif
     goto tt_end;
  } /* end PartFound == PART_CAPACITOR */

#ifdef WITH_XTAL
  if (PartFound == PART_CERAMICRESONATOR) {
//      static const unsigned char cerres_str[] MEM_TEXT = "Cer.resonator  ";
      lcd_MEM_string(cerres_str);
      if (sampling_measure_xtal()) goto loop_start;
      goto tt_end;
  }
  if (PartFound == PART_XTAL) {
//      static const unsigned char xtal_str[] MEM_TEXT = "Crystal  ";
      lcd_MEM_string(xtal_str);
      if (sampling_measure_xtal()) goto loop_start;
      goto tt_end;
  }
#endif

  // ========================================
  if(PartFound == PART_DIODE) {
  // ========================================
     if(NumOfDiodes == 1) {		//single Diode
//        lcd_MEM_string(Diode);		//"Diode: "
#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff
        // enough memory (>8k) to sort the pins and additional Ir=
        DiodeSymbol_withPins(0);
	GetIr(diodes.Cathode[0],diodes.Anode[0]);	// measure and output Ir=x.xuA
#else
        // too less memory to sort the pins
        DiodeSymbol_withPins(0);
#endif
        UfAusgabe(0x70);		// mark for additional resistor and output Uf= in line 2
#ifndef SamplingADC
        /* load current of capacity is (5V-1.1V)/(470000 Ohm) = 8298nA */
        ReadCapacity(diodes.Cathode[0],diodes.Anode[0]);	// Capacity opposite flow direction
        if (cap.cpre < -3) {	/* capacity is measured */
 #if (LCD_LINES > 2)
           lcd_line3();		// output Capacity in line 3
 #endif
           lcd_MEM_string(Cap_str);	//"C="
 #if LCD_LINE_LENGTH > 16
           DisplayValue(cap.cval,cap.cpre,'F',3);
 #else
           DisplayValue(cap.cval,cap.cpre,'F',2);
 #endif
        }
#else  // SamplingADC
showdiodecap:
        cap.cval=sampling_cap(diodes.Cathode[0],diodes.Anode[0],0);   // at low voltage
        lcd_next_line_wait(0);		// next line, wait 5s and clear line 2
        DisplayValue(cap.cval,sampling_cap_pre,'F',2);
 #ifdef PULLUP_DISABLE
        lcd_data('-');
        cap.cval=sampling_cap(diodes.Cathode[0],diodes.Anode[0],1);   // at high voltage
        if (cap.cval < 0) cap.cval = 0;		// don't show negativ value
        DisplayValue(cap.cval,sampling_cap_pre,'F',2);
  #if LCD_LINE_LENGTH > 16
        lcd_MEM_string(AT05volt);	// " @0-5V"
  #else
        lcd_MEM_string(AT05volt+1);	// "@0-5V"
  #endif
        uart_newline();			// MAURO Diode ('A')
 #else
  #warning Capacity measurement from high to low not possible for diodes without PULLUP_DISABLE option!
 #endif  /* PULLUP_DISABLE */
#endif
        goto end3;
     } else if(NumOfDiodes == 2) { // double diode
        lcd_data('2');
        lcd_MEM_string(Dioden);		//"diodes "
        if(diodes.Anode[0] == diodes.Anode[1]) { //Common Anode
           DiodeSymbol_CpinApin(0);	// 1-|<-2
           DiodeSymbol_ACpin(1);	//  ->|-3
           UfAusgabe(0x01);
#ifdef SamplingADC
           goto showdiodecap;   // double diodes are often varicap; measure capacitance of one of them
#else
           goto end3;
#endif
        } 
        if(diodes.Cathode[0] == diodes.Cathode[1]) { //Common Cathode
           DiodeSymbol_ApinCpin(0);	// 1->|-2
           DiodeSymbol_CApin(1);	//  -|<-3
           UfAusgabe(0x01);
#ifdef SamplingADC
           goto showdiodecap;   // double diodes are often varicap; measure capacitance of one of them
#else
           goto end3;
#endif
//        else if ((diodes.Cathode[0] == diodes.Anode[1]) && (diodes.Cathode[1] == diodes.Anode[0])) 
        } 
        if (diodes.Cathode[0] == diodes.Anode[1]) {
           // normaly two serial diodes are detected as three diodes, but if the threshold is high
           // for both diodes, the third diode is not detected.
           // can also be Antiparallel
           diode_sequence = 0x01;	// 0 1
           SerienDiodenAusgabe();
           goto end3;
        } 
        if (diodes.Cathode[1] == diodes.Anode[0]) {
           diode_sequence = 0x10;	// 1 0
           SerienDiodenAusgabe();
           goto end3;
        }
     } else if(NumOfDiodes == 3) {
        //Serial of 2 Diodes; was detected as 3 Diodes 
        diode_sequence = 0x33;	// 3 3
        /* Check for any constellation of 2 serial diodes:
          Only once the pin No of anyone Cathode is identical of another anode.
          two diodes in series is additionally detected as third big diode.
        */
			if (diodes.Cathode[0] == diodes.Anode[1]) {
           diode_sequence = 0x01;	// 0 1
          }
			if (diodes.Anode[0] == diodes.Cathode[1]) {
           diode_sequence = 0x10;	// 1 0
          }
			if (diodes.Cathode[0] == diodes.Anode[2]) {
           diode_sequence = 0x02;	// 0 2
          }
			if (diodes.Anode[0] == diodes.Cathode[2]) {
           diode_sequence = 0x20;	// 2 0
          }
			if (diodes.Cathode[1] == diodes.Anode[2]) {
           diode_sequence = 0x12;	// 1 2
          }
			if (diodes.Anode[1] == diodes.Cathode[2]) {
           diode_sequence = 0x21;	// 2 1
          }
//        if((ptrans.b<3) && (ptrans.c<3)) 
        if(diode_sequence < 0x22) {
           lcd_data('3');
           lcd_MEM_string(Dioden);	//"Diodes "
           SerienDiodenAusgabe();
           goto end3;
        }
     }  // end (NumOfDiodes == 3)
     lcd_MEM_string(Bauteil);		//"Bauteil"
     lcd_MEM_string(Unknown); 		//" unbek."
     lcd_line2(); //2. row 
     lcd_data(NumOfDiodes + '0');
     lcd_data('*');
     lcd_MEM_string(AnKat_str);		//"->|-"
     lcd_MEM_string(Detected);		//" detected"
     goto not_known;
     // end (PartFound == PART_DIODE)
  // ========================================
  } else if (PartFound == PART_TRANSISTOR) {
  // ========================================
#ifdef SEARCH_PARASITIC
    if ((ptrans.count != 0) && (ntrans.count !=0)) {
       // Special Handling of NPNp and PNPn Transistor.
       // If a protection diode is built on the same structur as the NPN-Transistor,
       // a parasitic PNP-Transistor will be detected. 
       ReadCapacity(ntrans.e, ntrans.b);	// read capacity of NPN base-emitter
       n_cval = cap.cval;			// save the found capacity value
       n_cpre  = cap.cpre;			// and dimension
       ReadCapacity(ptrans.b, ptrans.e);	// read capacity of PNP base-emitter
       // check if one hfe is very low. If yes, simulate a very low BE capacity
       if ((ntrans.hfe < 500) && (ptrans.hfe >= 500)) n_cpre = -16; // set NPN BE capacity to low value
       if ((ptrans.hfe < 500) && (ntrans.hfe >= 500)) cap.cpre = -16; // set PNP BE capacity to low value

       if (((n_cpre == cap.cpre) && (cap.cval > n_cval))
					|| (cap.cpre > n_cpre)) {
          // the capacity value or dimension of the PNP B-E is greater than the NPN B-E
          PartMode = PART_MODE_PNP;
       } else {
          PartMode = PART_MODE_NPN;
       }
    }  /* end ((ptrans.count != 0) && (ntrans.count !=0)) */
#endif
    // not possible for mega8, change Pin sequence instead.
		if ((ptrans.count != 0) && (ntrans.count != 0)
				&& (!(RST_PIN_REG & (1 << RST_PIN)))) {
       // if the Start key is still pressed, use the other Transistor
#if 0
       if (PartMode == PART_MODE_NPN) {
          PartMode = PART_MODE_PNP;	// switch to parasitic transistor
       } else {
          PartMode = PART_MODE_NPN;	// switch to parasitic transistor
       }
#else
       PartMode ^= (PART_MODE_PNP - PART_MODE_NPN);
#endif
    }

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS
    lcd_set_cursor(0,TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON);			// position behind the icon, Line 1
    lcd_big_icon(BJT_NPN|LCD_UPPER_LEFT);	// show the NPN Icon at lower left corner
    if(PartMode == PART_MODE_NPN) {
//       _trans = &ntrans;  is allready selected a default
       lcd_MEM_string(NPN_str);		//"NPN "
       if (ptrans.count != 0) {
          lcd_data('p');		// mark for parasitic PNp
       }
    } else {
       _trans = &ptrans;		// change transistor structure
       lcd_update_icon(bmp_pnp);	// update for PNP
       lcd_MEM_string(PNP_str);		//"PNP "
       if (ntrans.count != 0) {
          lcd_data('n');		// mark for parasitic NPn
       }
    }
#else 	/* only character display */
    if(PartMode == PART_MODE_NPN) {
//       _trans = &ntrans;  is allready selected a default
       lcd_MEM_string(NPN_str);		//"NPN "
       if (ptrans.count != 0) {
          lcd_data('p');		// mark for parasitic PNp
       }
    } else {
       _trans = &ptrans;		// change transistor structure
       lcd_MEM_string(PNP_str);		//"PNP "
       if (ntrans.count != 0) {
          lcd_data('n');		// mark for parasitic NPn
       }
    }
    lcd_space();
#endif

    // show the protection diode of the BJT
    vak_diode_nr = search_vak_diode();
    if (vak_diode_nr < 5) {
    // no side of the diode is connected to the base, this must be the protection diode   
#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS
       options = 0;
       if (_trans->c != diodes.Anode[vak_diode_nr])
          options |= OPT_VREVERSE;
       lcd_update_icon_opt(bmp_vakdiode,options);	// show the protection diode right to the Icon
#else    /* only character display, show the diode in correct direction */    
       char an_cat;			// diode is anode-cathode type
       an_cat = 0;
 #ifdef EBC_STYLE
  #if EBC_STYLE == 321
       // Layout with 321= style
       an_cat = (((PartMode == PART_MODE_NPN) && (ntrans.c < ntrans.e)) ||
                 ((PartMode != PART_MODE_NPN) && (ptrans.c > ptrans.e)));
  #else
       // Layout with EBC= style
       an_cat = (PartMode == PART_MODE_NPN);
  #endif
 #else
       // Layout with 123= style
       an_cat = (((PartMode == PART_MODE_NPN) && (ntrans.c > ntrans.e))
		|| ((PartMode != PART_MODE_NPN) && (ptrans.c < ptrans.e)));
 #endif
       if (an_cat) {
          lcd_MEM_string(AnKat_str);	//"->|-"
       } else {
          lcd_MEM_string(KatAn_str);	//"-|<-"
       }
#endif    /* !WITH_GRAPHICS */
    }  /* endif vak_diode_nr < 6 */

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS
    lcd_draw_trans_pins(-7, 16);	// show the pin numbers
    lcd_next_line(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON);	// position behind the icon, Line 2
    lcd_MEM_string(hfe_str);		//"B="  (hFE)
    DisplayValue(_trans->hfe,-2,0,3);

    lcd_next_line(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON+1-LOW_H_SPACE); // position behind the icon+1, Line 3
    lcd_data('I');
    if (_trans->current >= 10000) {
       lcd_data('e');				// emitter current has 10mA offset
       _trans->current -= 10000;
    } else {
       lcd_data('c');
    }
    lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
    DisplayValue16(_trans->current,-6,'A',2);	// display Ic or Ie current

    lcd_next_line(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON); // position behind the icon, Line 4
    lcd_MEM_string(Ube_str);		//"Ube="
    Display_mV(_trans->uBE,3-LOW_H_SPACE);
    last_line_used = 1;

 #ifdef SHOW_ICE
    if (_trans->ice0 > 0) {
       lcd_next_line_wait(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON-1-LOW_H_SPACE); // position behind the icon, Line 4 & wait and clear last line
       lcd_MEM2_string(ICE0_str);		// "ICE0="
       DisplayValue16(_trans->ice0,-6,'A',2);	// display ICEO
    }
    if (_trans->ices > 0) {
       lcd_next_line_wait(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON-1-LOW_H_SPACE); // position behind the icon, Line 4 & wait and clear last line
       lcd_MEM2_string(ICEs_str);		// "ICEs="
       DisplayValue16(_trans->ices,-6,'A',2);	// display ICEs
    }
 #endif
#else		/* character display */
    PinLayout('E','B','C'); 		//  EBC= or 123=...
    lcd_line2(); //2. row 
    lcd_MEM_string(hfe_str);		//"B="  (hFE)
    DisplayValue(_trans->hfe,-2,0,3);
 #if FLASHEND > 0x1fff
    lcd_space();

    lcd_data('I');
    if (_trans->current >= 10000) {
       lcd_data('e');				// emitter current has 10mA offset
       _trans->current -= 10000;
    } else {
       lcd_data('c');
    }
    lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
    DisplayValue16(_trans->current,-6,'A',2);	// display Ic or Ie current
 #endif

 #if defined(SHOW_ICE)
    lcd_next_line_wait(0);		// next line, wait 5s and clear line 2
    lcd_MEM_string(Ube_str);		//"Ube=" 
    Display_mV(_trans->uBE,3);

    if (_trans->ice0 > 0) {
       lcd_next_line_wait(0);		// next line, wait 5s and clear line 2
       lcd_MEM2_string(ICE0_str);		// "ICE0="
       DisplayValue16(_trans->ice0,-6,'A',3);
    }
    if (_trans->ices > 0) {
       lcd_next_line_wait(0);		// next line, wait 5s and clear line 2
       lcd_MEM2_string(ICEs_str);		// "ICEs="
       DisplayValue16(_trans->ices,-6,'A',3);
    }
 #endif
#endif  /* WITH_GRAPHICS */
#ifdef SHOW_VAKDIODE
    if (vak_diode_nr < 5) {
       lcd_next_line_wait(0); 		// next line, wait 5s and clear line 2/4
       DiodeSymbol_withPins(vak_diode_nr);
       lcd_MEM_string(Uf_str);			//"Uf="
       mVAusgabe(vak_diode_nr);
       uart_newline();			// MAURO not verified ('D')
    } /* end if (vak_diode_nr < 5) */
#endif
#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS
    PinLayoutLine('E','B','C'); 		//  Pin 1=E ...
    uart_newline();			// MAURO OK BJT ('E')
#endif
    goto tt_end;
    // end (PartFound == PART_TRANSISTOR)

  // ========================================
  } else if (PartFound == PART_FET) {	/* JFET or MOSFET */
  // ========================================
#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS
    unsigned char fetidx = 0;
    lcd_set_cursor(0,TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON);	// position behind the icon, Line 1
#endif
    if((PartMode&P_CHANNEL) == P_CHANNEL) {
       lcd_data('P');			//P-channel
       _trans = &ptrans;
#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS
       fetidx = 2;
#endif
    } else {
       lcd_data('N');			//N-channel
//       _trans = &ntrans;	is allready selected as default
    }
    lcd_data('-');		// minus is used for JFET, D-MOS, E-MOS ...

    uint8_t part_code;
    part_code = PartMode&0x0f;
#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS
    if (part_code == PART_MODE_JFET) {
       lcd_MEM_string(jfet_str);	//"JFET"
       lcd_big_icon(N_JFET|LCD_UPPER_LEFT);
       if (fetidx != 0) {
          lcd_update_icon(bmp_p_jfet); // update the n_jfet bitmap to p_jfet
       }
    } else {		// no JFET
       if ((PartMode&D_MODE) == D_MODE) {
          lcd_data('D');			// N-D or P-D
          fetidx += 1;
       } else {
          lcd_data('E');			// N-E or P-E
       }
       if (part_code == (PART_MODE_IGBT)) {
          lcd_MEM_string(igbt_str);	//"-IGBT"
          lcd_big_icon(N_E_IGBT|LCD_UPPER_LEFT);
          if (fetidx == 1)  lcd_update_icon(bmp_n_d_igbt);
          if (fetidx == 2)  lcd_update_icon(bmp_p_e_igbt);
          if (fetidx == 3)  lcd_update_icon(bmp_p_d_igbt);
       } else {
          lcd_MEM_string(mosfet_str);	//"-MOS "
          lcd_big_icon(N_E_MOS|LCD_UPPER_LEFT);
          if (fetidx == 1)  lcd_update_icon(bmp_n_d_mos);
          if (fetidx == 2)  lcd_update_icon(bmp_p_e_mos);
          if (fetidx == 3)  lcd_update_icon(bmp_p_d_mos);
       }
    } /* end PART_MODE_JFET */
#else	/* normal character display */
    if (part_code == PART_MODE_JFET) {
       lcd_MEM_string(jfet_str);	//"-JFET"
    } else {		// no JFET
       if ((PartMode&D_MODE) == D_MODE) {
          lcd_data('D');			// N-D or P-D
       } else {
          lcd_data('E');			// N-E or P-E
       }
       if (part_code == (PART_MODE_IGBT)) {
          lcd_MEM_string(igbt_str);	//"-IGBT"
       } else {
          lcd_MEM_string(mosfet_str);	//"-MOS "
       }
    } /* end PART_MODE_JFET */

    if (part_code == PART_MODE_IGBT) {
       PinLayout('E','G','C'); 		//  SGD= or 123=...
    } else if (part_code == PART_MODE_JFET) {
       PinLayout('?','G','?'); 		//  ?G?= or 123=...
    } else {
       PinLayout('S','G','D'); 		//  SGD= or 123=...
    }
#endif  /* WITH_GRAPHICS */

    vak_diode_nr = search_vak_diode();
    if(vak_diode_nr < 5) {
       //MOSFET with protection diode; only with enhancement-FETs

#ifndef WITH_GRAPHICS
 #if FLASHEND <= 0x1fff
       char an_cat;			// diode is anode-cathode type
       an_cat = 0;
  #ifdef EBC_STYLE
   #if EBC_STYLE == 321
       // layout with 321= style
       an_cat = (((PartMode&P_CHANNEL) && (ptrans.c > ptrans.e)) || ((!(PartMode&P_CHANNEL)) && (ntrans.c < ntrans.e)));
   #else
       // Layout with SGD= style
       an_cat = (PartMode&P_CHANNEL);	/* N or P MOS */
   #endif
  #else /* EBC_STYLE not defined */
       // layout with 123= style
			an_cat = (((PartMode & P_CHANNEL) && (ptrans.c < ptrans.e))
					|| ((!(PartMode & P_CHANNEL)) && (ntrans.c > ntrans.e)));
  #endif /* end ifdef EBC_STYLE */
       //  show diode symbol in right direction  (short form for less flash memory)
       if (an_cat) {
          lcd_data(LCD_CHAR_DIODE1);	//show Diode symbol >|
       } else {
          lcd_data(LCD_CHAR_DIODE2);	//show Diode symbol |<
       }
 #endif
#endif  /* not WITH_GRAPHICS */
#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS
       options = 0;
       if (_trans->c != diodes.Anode[vak_diode_nr])
          options |= OPT_VREVERSE;
       lcd_update_icon_opt(bmp_vakdiode,options);	// update Icon with protection diode
#endif

    } /* end if NumOfDiodes == 1 */

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS
    lcd_draw_trans_pins(-7, 16);	// update of pin numbers must be done after diode update
    lcd_next_line(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON);	// position text behind the icon, Line 2
 #if LCD_LINES > 6
       lcd_next_line(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON);	// double line
 #endif
    if((PartMode&D_MODE) != D_MODE) {	//enhancement-MOSFET
       lcd_MEM_string(vt_str+1);		// "Vt="
       Display_mV(_trans->gthvoltage,2);	//Gate-threshold voltage
	//Gate capacity
       ReadCapacity(_trans->b,_trans->e);	//measure capacity
       lcd_next_line(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON);	// position text behind the icon, Line 3
       lcd_show_Cg();	// show Cg=xxxpF
 #ifdef SHOW_R_DS
       lcd_show_rds(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON-1); 	// show RDS at column behind the icon -1
 #endif
    } else {   /* depletion mode */
       if ((PartMode&0x0f)  != PART_MODE_JFET) {     /* kein JFET */
          ReadCapacity(_trans->b,_trans->e);	//measure capacity
          lcd_show_Cg();	// show Cg=xxxpF
  #ifdef FET_Idss
       } else { 	// it is a JFET
          // display the I_DSS, if measured
          if (_trans->uBE!=0) {
             static const unsigned char str_Idss[] MEM_TEXT = "Idss=";
             lcd_MEM_string(str_Idss);
             DisplayValue16(_trans->uBE,-6,'A',2);
          }
  #endif
       }
       // set cursor below the icon
  #define LINE_BELOW_ICON ((ICON_HEIGHT/8)/((FONT_HEIGHT+7)/8))
 #if LCD_LINES > 6
       lcd_set_cursor((LINE_BELOW_ICON + 1) * PAGES_PER_LINE,0);
 #else
       lcd_set_cursor(LINE_BELOW_ICON * PAGES_PER_LINE,0);
 #endif
       lcd_data('I');
 #if (LCD_LINE_LENGTH > 17)
       lcd_data('d');
 #endif
       lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
       DisplayValue16(_trans->current,-6,'A',2);
       lcd_MEM_string(Vgs_str);		// "@Vg="
       Display_mV(_trans->gthvoltage,2);	//Gate-threshold voltage

 #ifdef SHOW_ICE
       // Display also the cutoff gate voltage, idea from Pieter-Tjerk
       if (_trans->ice0<4800) { // can't trust cutoff voltage if close to 5V supply voltage, since then the transistor may not have been cut off at all
          lcd_next_line_wait(0);
          lcd_data('I');
  #if (LCD_LINE_LENGTH > 17)
          lcd_data('d');
  #endif
          lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
          DisplayValue16(0,-5,'A',2);
          lcd_MEM_string(Vgs_str);		// "@Vg="
          Display_mV(_trans->ice0,2);	// cutoff Gate voltage
 #endif
       }
 #ifdef SHOW_R_DS
       lcd_show_rds(0);                // show Drain-Source resistance RDS at column 0
 #endif
    }	/* end of enhancement or depletion mode WITH_GRAPHICS */
#else	/* character display */
    if((PartMode&D_MODE) != D_MODE) {	//enhancement-MOSFET
	//Gate capacity
       lcd_line2();		// line 2
       ReadCapacity(_trans->b,_trans->e);	//measure capacity
       lcd_show_Cg();	// show Cg=xxxpF
       lcd_MEM_string(vt_str);		// " Vt="
       Display_mV(_trans->gthvoltage,2);	//Gate-threshold voltage
  #ifdef SHOW_R_DS
       lcd_show_rds(0);                // show Drain-Source resistance RDS at column 0
  #endif
    } else {
      // depletion
 #if FLASHEND > 0x1fff
       if ((PartMode&0x0f)  != PART_MODE_JFET) {     /* kein JFET */
          lcd_next_line(0);		// line 2
          ReadCapacity(_trans->b,_trans->e);	//measure capacity
          lcd_show_Cg();	// show Cg=xxxpF
  #ifdef FET_Idss
       } else {     // it is a JFET
          // display the I_DSS, if measured
          if (_trans->uBE!=0) {
             lcd_next_line(0);
             static const unsigned char str_Idss[] MEM_TEXT = "Idss=";
             lcd_MEM_string(str_Idss);
             DisplayValue16(_trans->uBE,-6,'A',2);
          }
  #endif
       }
       lcd_next_line_wait(0);		// line 2 or 3, if possible & wait and clear last line
 #endif
       lcd_data('I');			// show I=xmA@Vg=y.yV at line 2 or 3
 #if (LCD_LINE_LENGTH > 17)
       lcd_data('d');
 #endif
       lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
       DisplayValue16(_trans->current,-6,'A',2);
       lcd_MEM_string(Vgs_str);		// "@Vg="
       Display_mV(_trans->gthvoltage,2);	//Gate-threshold voltage
 #ifdef SHOW_ICE
       // Display also the cutoff gate voltage, idea from Pieter-Tjerk
       if (_trans->ice0<4800) { // can't trust cutoff voltage if close to 5V supply voltage, since then the transistor may not have been cut off at all
          lcd_next_line_wait(0);
          lcd_data('I');
  #if (LCD_LINE_LENGTH > 17)
          lcd_data('d');
  #endif
          lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
          DisplayValue16(0,-5,'A',2);
          lcd_MEM_string(Vgs_str);		// "@Vg="
          Display_mV(_trans->ice0,2);	// cutoff Gate voltage
       }
 #endif
 #ifdef SHOW_R_DS
       lcd_show_rds(0);                // show Drain-Source resistance RDS at column 0
 #endif
    }   /* end of enhancement or depletion mode */
#endif  /* WITH_GRAPHICS or without */

#if DebugOut == 5
    lcd_line4();
    lcd_data('>');
    lcd_data('|');
    lcd_space();
    DisplayValue16(NumOfDiodes,0,' ',3);
#endif
#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff
    if (part_code != PART_MODE_JFET) {
       for (ii=0;ii<NumOfDiodes;ii++) {
          // there is enough space for long form of presenting protection diode
 #if LCD_LINES > 6
          if (ii == 0) lcd_next_line(0);		// line 5 , if possible
 #endif
          lcd_next_line_wait(0);		// line 4, if possible & wait 5s and clear last line 
          DiodeSymbol_withPins(ii);
          lcd_MEM_string(Uf_str);			//"Uf="
          mVAusgabe(ii);
//          uart_newline();			// MAURO OK N-E-MOS/IGBT ('F')
       } /* end for ii (NumOfDiodes) */
    }  /* PART_MODE != JFET */
#endif
#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS
    if (part_code == PART_MODE_IGBT) {
       PinLayoutLine('E','G','C'); 		//  Pin 1=...
    } else if (part_code == PART_MODE_JFET) {
       PinLayoutLine('?','G','?'); 		//  Pin 1=...
    } else {
       PinLayoutLine('S','G','D'); 		//  Pin 1=...
    }
       uart_newline();			// MAURO OK IGBT ('G')
#endif
    goto tt_end;
  }  /* end (PartFound == PART_FET) */

//   if(PartFound == PART_RESISTOR) 
resistor_out:
  if (ResistorsFound != 0) {
    if (ResistorsFound == 1) { // single resistor

       rpins.pw = Rnum2pins(ResistorList[0]);	// get pin numbers for resistor 1
#if FLASHEND <= 0x1fff
       lcd_testpin(rpins.pb[0]);  	//Pin-number 1
       lcd_MEM_string(Resistor_str);	// -[=]-
       lcd_testpin(rpins.pb[1]);	//Pin-number 2
       lcd_line2(); //2. row 
       RvalOut(ResistorList[0]);
#else
 #if FLASHEND > 0x3fff
       if ((ResistorList[0] == 1) && (NumOfDiodes == 0)) {
          // is the TP1:TP3 resistor and no additional diode
          show_Resis13();		// call of the special resistor measurement
          goto shut_off;		// key is pressed or timeout
       }
 #endif
       show_resis(rpins.pb[0],rpins.pb[1],0);
#endif

    } else { // multiple resistors found, R-Max suchen

       ii = ResistorList[0];	// first resistor in the list with number 0,1,2
       if (ResistorVal[ResistorList[1]] > ResistorVal[ii])
          ii = ResistorList[1]; // second resistor in the list with number 0,1,2
       if (ResistorsFound == 2) {
          ii = (3 - ResistorList[0] - ResistorList[1]);
       } else {
          if (ResistorVal[ResistorList[2]] > ResistorVal[ii]) {
             ii = ResistorList[2];
          }
       }
       // ResistorVal[0] TP1:TP2, [1] TP1:TP3, [2] TP2:TP3
#if (TP2!=TP1+1 || TP3!=TP2+1)
       x = TP1;
       y = TP3;
       z = TP2;
       if (ii == 1) {	/* TP1:TP3 is maximum */
          x = TP1;
          y = TP2;
          z = TP3;
       }
       if (ii == 2) {	/* TP2:TP3 is maximum */
          x = TP2;
          y = TP1;
          z = TP3;
       }
#else
    // the following does the same as the above, but more cryptically (and in fewer instructions)
       x = TP1+(ii>>1);
       y = TP3-ii;
       z = TP2+(ii>0);
#endif
       lcd_testpin(x);  	//Pin-number 1
       lcd_MEM_string(Resistor_str);    // -[=]-
       lcd_testpin(y);		//Pin-number 2
       lcd_MEM_string(Resistor_str);    // -[=]-
       lcd_testpin(z);		//Pin-number 3

       lcd_next_line(0);
       // output resistor values in right order
    //  if (ii == 0) { /* resistor 0 has maximum */
    //     RvalOut(1);
    //     RvalOut(2);
    //  }
    //  if (ii == 1) { /* resistor 1 has maximum */
    //     RvalOut(0);
    //     RvalOut(2);
    //  }
    //  if (ii == 2) { /* resistor 2 has maximum */
    //     RvalOut(0);
    //     RvalOut(1);
    //  }
    // again a shorter but cryptical equivalent:
       RvalOut(ii==0);
       RvalOut(2-(ii>>1));
    }  // end ResistorsFound==1
    goto tt_end;

  } // end (PartFound == PART_RESISTOR)

  lcd_MEM_string(TestFailed1); 	//"Kein,unbek. oder"
  lcd_line2(); //2. row 
#if defined(LANG_ITALIAN) || defined(LANG_FRANCAIS)	//italiano or francais
  lcd_MEM_string(Bauteil);		//"campione"
  lcd_space();
  lcd_MEM_string(TestFailed2); 		//"guasto "
#else
  lcd_MEM_string(TestFailed2); 		//"defektes "
  lcd_MEM_string(Bauteil);		//"Bauteil"
#endif
not_known:
//   uart_newline();		// MAURO added
#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS
     lcd_big_icon(QUESTION);		// show big question mark
#endif
#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1
  empty_count++;
  mess_count = 0;
#endif
  max_time = SHORT_WAIT_TIME;		// use allways the short wait time
  goto end2;

//gakAusgabe:
//  PinLayout(Cathode_char,'G','A'); 	// CGA= or 123=...
TyUfAusgabe:
#ifdef WITH_THYRISTOR_GATE_V
 #ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS
  lcd_set_cursor(1*PAGES_PER_LINE,TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON);		// position behind the icon,line 2
 #else
  lcd_line2(); //2. row 
 #endif
  lcd_MEM_string(Uf_str);		// "Uf="
 #ifdef WITH_PUT
  Display_mV(_trans->uBE,2);    // needed instead of ntrans for PUT, but costs 4 bytes more flash...
 #else
  Display_mV(ntrans.uBE,2);
 #endif
//  uart_newline();		// MAURO ('I')
#endif
//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 
 tt_end:
#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1
  empty_count = 0;		// reset counter, if part is found
  mess_count++;			// count measurements
#endif
  max_time = display_time;	// full specified wait time

 end2:
  ADC_DDR = (1<<TPRELAY) | TXD_MSK; 	// switch pin with reference to GND, release relay
  lcd_refresh();			// write the pixels to display, ST7920 only
	while (!(RST_PIN_REG & (1 << RST_PIN)))
		;	//wait ,until button is released
#ifdef WITH_ROTARY_SWITCH
wait_again:
#endif
  ii = wait_for_key_ms(max_time);
#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1
 #ifdef WITH_ROTARY_SWITCH
  if ((ii > 0) || (rotary.incre > 0))
 #else
  if (ii > 0)
 #endif
  {
     empty_count = 0;		// reset counter, if any switch activity
     mess_count = 0; }
#endif
#ifdef WITH_MENU
 #ifdef WITH_ROTARY_SWITCH
  if ((ii >=50) || (rotary.incre > 2))
 #else
  if (ii >= 50) 
 #endif
  {
     // menu selected by long key press or rotary switch
		while(function_menu());// start the function menu
     goto loop_start;
  }
#endif
	if (ii != 0)
		goto loop_start;
	// key is pressed again, repeat measurement
#ifdef WITH_ROTARY_SWITCH
  if (rotary.incre > 0) goto wait_again;
#endif
#ifdef POWER_OFF
 #if POWER_OFF > 127
  #define POWER2_OFF 255
 #else
  #define POWER2_OFF POWER_OFF*2
 #endif
 #if POWER_OFF+0 > 1
  if ((empty_count < POWER_OFF) && (mess_count < POWER2_OFF)) {
     goto loop_start;			// repeat measurement POWER_OFF times
  }
 #endif
  // only one Measurement requested, shut off
 #if FLASHEND > 0x3fff
shut_off:
  // look, if the tester is uncalibrated (C-source will be included directly)
  lcd_cursor_off();
  /* HelpCalibration Begin */
#if defined(AUTO_CAL) && (FLASHEND > 0x3fff)
// Check is direct included in the main source of the TransistorTester
// a function with a call from main will use additional 38 bytes of flash
  // define additional variables , ii is already defined in main
 #define TIME_TO_READ 10000
  if (UnCalibrated) {
#ifndef SHORT_UNCAL_MSG
  unsigned int jj;
  char zeich;
  uint8_t space_pos;
  uint8_t line_nr;
  uint8_t sub_line;
    // Output the help text for calibration.
    // The text is formatted for two 16 character display lines.
    jj = 0;
    zeich = ' ';		// initial value for while loop
    line_nr = LCD_LINES;		// begin with the first LCD line, but don't wait
    while (zeich != (char)0) {	// zero is end of text
       space_pos = LCD_LINE_LENGTH;		// if no space is found
       for (ii=0;ii<(LCD_LINE_LENGTH+1);ii++) {	// look for the last space character
         zeich = pgm_read_byte(&HelpCalibration_str[ii+jj]);
         if (zeich == ' ')  space_pos = ii; // save the position
       }
       if (line_nr == 0) {
          // it is the first LCD line, wait for showing the last message
          if ((wait_for_key_ms(TIME_TO_READ)) != 0) break;	// key pressed
       }
       sub_line = line_nr % LCD_LINES;
       if (sub_line == 0) lcd_clear();  // clear display, line_nr is 0 or 4
       lcd_set_cursor(sub_line*PAGES_PER_LINE ,0);
       uart_newline();
       wdt_reset();
       line_nr = (line_nr + 1) % LCD_LINES;
       for (ii=0;ii<space_pos;ii++) {
         zeich = pgm_read_byte(&HelpCalibration_str[ii+jj]);
         if (zeich == (char)0) break;	// end of text found
         if (zeich == LCD_CHAR_INSEP) {
            lcd_space();	// replace with space
         } else {
            lcd_data(zeich);		// display the character without offset
         }
       }
       if (zeich == (char)0) break;	// end of text found
       jj += space_pos;		// start position of line 2
       if((pgm_read_byte(&HelpCalibration_str[jj])) == ' ') jj++; // no space at begin of line
    }  /* end while */
#else
    lcd_clear();
    lcd_pgm_string(HelpCalibration_str);	// only short message!
	#ifdef WITH_UART		//Mauro 
//		uart_newline();		//Mauro 
	#endif					//Mauro 
#endif
    wait_for_key_ms(TIME_TO_READ);	// key pressed
  }
#endif  /* AUTO_CAL && (FLASHEND > 0x3fff) */
/* HelpCalibration End */

 #endif
//  MCUSR = 0;
  switch_tester_off();
#else   /* no POWER_OFF */
shut_off:
  // look, if the tester is uncalibrated (C-source will be included directly)
  lcd_cursor_off();
  /* HelpCalibration Begin */
#if defined(AUTO_CAL) && (FLASHEND > 0x3fff)
// Check is direct included in the main source of the TransistorTester
// a function with a call from main will use additional 38 bytes of flash
  // define additional variables , ii is already defined in main
 #define TIME_TO_READ 10000
  if (UnCalibrated) {
#ifndef SHORT_UNCAL_MSG
  unsigned int jj;
  char zeich;
  uint8_t space_pos;
  uint8_t line_nr;
  uint8_t sub_line;
    // Output the help text for calibration.
    // The text is formatted for two 16 character display lines.
    jj = 0;
    zeich = ' ';		// initial value for while loop
    line_nr = LCD_LINES;		// begin with the first LCD line, but don't wait
    while (zeich != (char)0) {	// zero is end of text
       space_pos = LCD_LINE_LENGTH;		// if no space is found
       for (ii=0;ii<(LCD_LINE_LENGTH+1);ii++) {	// look for the last space character
         zeich = pgm_read_byte(&HelpCalibration_str[ii+jj]);
         if (zeich == ' ')  space_pos = ii; // save the position
       }
       if (line_nr == 0) {
          // it is the first LCD line, wait for showing the last message
          if ((wait_for_key_ms(TIME_TO_READ)) != 0) break;	// key pressed
       }
       sub_line = line_nr % LCD_LINES;
       if (sub_line == 0) lcd_clear();  // clear display, line_nr is 0 or 4
       lcd_set_cursor(sub_line*PAGES_PER_LINE ,0);
       uart_newline();
       wdt_reset();
       line_nr = (line_nr + 1) % LCD_LINES;
       for (ii=0;ii<space_pos;ii++) {
         zeich = pgm_read_byte(&HelpCalibration_str[ii+jj]);
         if (zeich == (char)0) break;	// end of text found
         if (zeich == LCD_CHAR_INSEP) {
            lcd_space();	// replace with space
         } else {
            lcd_data(zeich);		// display the character without offset
         }
       }
       if (zeich == (char)0) break;	// end of text found
       jj += space_pos;		// start position of line 2
       if((pgm_read_byte(&HelpCalibration_str[jj])) == ' ') jj++; // no space at begin of line
    }  /* end while */
#else
    lcd_clear();
    lcd_pgm_string(HelpCalibration_str);	// only short message!
	#ifdef WITH_UART		//Mauro 
//		uart_newline();		//Mauro 
	#endif					//Mauro 
#endif
    wait_for_key_ms(TIME_TO_READ);	// key pressed
  }
#endif  /* AUTO_CAL && (FLASHEND > 0x3fff) */
/* HelpCalibration End */

#endif
	goto loop_start;
	// POWER_OFF not selected, repeat measurement
//  return 0;

end3:
//        uart_newline();		// MAURO  ('H')
  // the diode  is already shown on the LCD
	if (ResistorsFound == 0)
		goto tt_end;
  ADC_DDR = (1<<TPRELAY) | TXD_MSK; 	// switch pin with reference to GND, release relay
  // there is one resistor or more detected
#if (LCD_LINES > 3)
  ADC_DDR =  TXD_MSK; 	// switch pin with reference to input, activate relay
 #ifdef WAIT_LINE2_CLEAR
  lcd_next_line_wait(0);
 #else
  lcd_line3();
 #endif
#else
  wait_for_key_ms(display_time);
  ADC_DDR =  TXD_MSK; 	// switch pin with reference to input, activate relay
  lcd_clear();
//#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff
  lcd_data('0'+NumOfDiodes);
  lcd_MEM_string(Dioden);	//"Diodes "
//#endif
#endif
  goto resistor_out;

}   // ****** end setup()  ***** end main




// function search_vak_diode try to find a diode, which has no side connected to the transistor base
// returns 20, if no diode found
uint8_t search_vak_diode() {
    uint8_t ii;
    for (ii=0; ii<NumOfDiodes; ii++) {
			if ((diodes.Anode[ii] == _trans->b)
					|| (diodes.Cathode[ii] == _trans->b))
				continue;
       // no side of the diode is connected to the base, this must be the protection diode   
       if (diodes.Voltage[ii] > 1000) break; // Voltage is too high for protection diode
       return ii;
    }
    return 20;
}

/* init_parts initialize all parts to nothing found */
void init_parts(void) {
  PartFound = PART_NONE;	// no part found
  NumOfDiodes = 0;		// Number of diodes = 0
  ptrans.count = 0;		// Number of found P type transistors
  ntrans.count = 0;		// Number of found N type transistors
  PartMode = PART_MODE_NONE;
  WithReference = 0;		// no precision reference voltage
  ResistorsFound = 0;		// no resistors found
  ResistorChecked[0] = 0;
  ResistorChecked[1] = 0;
  ResistorChecked[2] = 0;
  cap.ca = TP1;
  cap.cb = TP3;
#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff
  inductor_lpre = 0;		// mark as zero
  cap.v_loss = 0;		// set Vloss to zero
#endif
  cap.cval_max = 0;		// set max to zero
  cap.cpre_max = -15;	// set max to fF unit
}

void switch_tester_off(void)
{
 #ifdef WITH_UART
  uart_putc('O');	// MAURO
  uart_putc('F');	// MAURO
  uart_putc('F');	// MAURO
//  uart_newline();	// MAURO
 #endif
 #if ((LCD_ST_TYPE == 7565) || (LCD_ST_TYPE == 1306))
  lcd_powersave();			// set graphical display to power save mode
 #endif
  ON_PORT &= ~(1<<ON_PIN);		//switch off power
  wait2s();
  wait_for_key_ms(0); //never ending loop 
}


#ifdef WITH_SELFTEST
 /* Begin AutoCheck.c */
// Selftest of the device and calibration 
#ifdef WITH_SELFTEST
void AutoCheck(uint8_t test_mode) {
  /* (test_mode & 0x0f) == 0 , only calibration without T1-T7 */
  /* (test_mode & 0x0f) == 1 , calibration and additional T1-T7 */
  /* (test_mode & 0xf0) == 0 , check for shorted probes, if unshorted, return */
  /* (test_mode & 0xf0) == 0x10 , ask for shorted probes */

 uint8_t ww;		// counter for repeating the tests
 int  adcmv[7];
 #ifdef EXTENDED_TESTS
  uint16_t u680;	// 3 * (Voltage at 680 Ohm)
  uint8_t taste;	// ist key pressed? 0 = no
 #else
  #ifndef NO_TEST_T1_T7
  #warning "Selftest without extended tests T1 to T7!"
  #endif
 #endif
 #if defined(EXTENDED_TESTS) || defined(WITH_MENU)
  uint8_t tt;		// number of running test
 #endif

 #ifdef FREQUENCY_50HZ
  uint8_t ff50;		// loop counter for 2s
 #endif

// define the maximum count of repetitions MAX_REP
#define MAX_REP 4

 #ifdef AUTO_CAL
uint8_t cap_found;	// counter for found capacitor
  #ifdef AUTOSCALE_ADC
int8_t udiff;		// difference between ADC Voltage with VCC or Bandgap reference
int8_t udiff2;
  #endif
 #endif
PartFound = PART_NONE;		// no part found before
if ((test_mode & 0xf0) == 0) {
  // probed should be shorted already to begin selftest
  if (AllProbesShorted() != 3) return;
  lcd_clear();
  lcd_MEM_string(SELFTEST);		// "Selftest mode.."
  lcd_line2();
  lcd_data('?');			// wait for key pressed for confirmation
  if (wait_for_key_ms(2000) > 10) goto begin_selftest;	// key is pressed again
 #ifdef WITH_MENU
} else {
  // report to user, that probes should be shorted
  ww = 0;
  for (tt=0;tt<150;tt++) {	/* wait about 30 seconds for shorted probes */
    lcd_clear();
    lcd_MEM2_string(SHORT_PROBES_str);	// message "Short probes!" to LCD
    if (AllProbesShorted() == 3) {
       ww++;	// all probes now shorted
    } else {
       ww = 0;	// connection not stable, retry
    }
    if (ww > 3) break;	// connection seems to be stable
    lcd_refresh();		// write the pixels to display, ST7920 only
    wait_about200ms();			// wait 200ms and try again
  }  /* end for (tt...) */
  if (tt < 150) goto begin_selftest;		// is shorted before time limit
  goto no_zero_resistance;			// skip measuring of the zero resistance
 #endif
}
// no key pressed for 2s
lcd_clear();
lcd_MEM_string(VERSION_str);	//"Version ..."
return;

begin_selftest:
lcd_line2();
Calibrate_UR();		// get Reference voltage, Pin resistance
lcd_MEM2_string(R0_str);		// "R0="
eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&EE_ESR_ZEROtab[2]), (uint8_t)0);	// clear zero offset
eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&EE_ESR_ZEROtab[3]), (uint8_t)0);	// clear zero offset
eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&EE_ESR_ZEROtab[1]), (uint8_t)0);	// clear zero offset

adcmv[0] = GetESR(TP3, TP1);
adcmv[1] = GetESR(TP3, TP2);
adcmv[2] = GetESR(TP2, TP1);
DisplayValue16(adcmv[0],-2,' ',3);
DisplayValue16(adcmv[1],-2,' ',3);
DisplayValue16(adcmv[2],-2,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
if (adcmv[0] >= 90) {
  adcmv[0] = ESR_ZERO;	// set back to default value
}
eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&EE_ESR_ZEROtab[2]), (uint8_t)adcmv[0]);	// fix zero offset
if (adcmv[1] >= 90) {
  adcmv[1] = ESR_ZERO;	// set back to default value
}
eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&EE_ESR_ZEROtab[3]), (uint8_t)adcmv[1]);	// fix zero offset
if (adcmv[2] >= 90) {
  adcmv[2] = ESR_ZERO;	// set back to default value
}
eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&EE_ESR_ZEROtab[1]), (uint8_t)adcmv[2]);	// fix zero offset
last_line_used = 2;
wait_for_key_5s_line2();		// wait up to 5 seconds and clear line 2

 #ifdef WITH_MENU
no_zero_resistance:
 #endif
 #ifdef EXTENDED_TESTS
#define TEST_COUNT 8
if((test_mode & 0x0f) == 1) {  /* full test requested */

for(tt=1;tt<TEST_COUNT;tt++) {		// loop for all Tests
for(ww=0;ww<MAX_REP;ww++) {	// repeat the test MAX_REP times
   lcd_clear_line2();		// clear total line 2
   lcd_clear_line1();		// clear total line 1
   lcd_data('T');			//output the Testmode "T"
   u2lcd(tt);		//lcd_string(utoa(tt, outval, 10));	//output Test number
   lcd_space();
				//############################################
   if (tt == 1) {   // output of reference voltage and factors for capacity measurement
      lcd_MEM2_string(URef_str);	//"URef="
      Display_mV(ref_mv,4);
      lcd_line2();			//Cursor to column 1, row 2
      lcd_MEM2_string(RHfakt_str);	//"RHf="
      u2lcd(RHmultip);	//lcd_string(utoa(RHmultip, outval, 10));
      ADCconfig.Samples = R_ANZ_MESS;	// set number of ADC reads near to maximum
   }
				//############################################
   if (tt == 2) { // how equal are the RL resistors? 
      u680 = ((long)ADCconfig.U_AVCC * (PIN_RM + R_L_VAL) / (PIN_RM + R_L_VAL + R_L_VAL + PIN_RP));
      R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RL1;		//RL1 to VCC
      R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RL1) | (1<<PIN_RL2);	//RL2 to -
      adcmv[0] = W20msReadADC(TP1);
      adcmv[0] -= u680;
      R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RL1) | (1<<PIN_RL3);	//RL3 to -
      adcmv[1] = W20msReadADC(TP1);
      adcmv[1] -= u680;
      R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RL2;		//RL2 to VCC
      R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RL2) | (1<<PIN_RL3);	//RL3 to -
      adcmv[2] = W20msReadADC(TP2);
      adcmv[2] -= u680;
      lcd_MEM_string(RLRL_str);	// "RLRL"
   }
				//############################################
   if (tt == 3) { // how equal are the RH resistors
      R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH1;		//RH1 to VCC
      R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RH1) | (1<<PIN_RH2);	//RH2 to -
      adcmv[0] = W20msReadADC(TP1);
      adcmv[3] = ADCconfig.U_AVCC / 2;
      adcmv[0] -= adcmv[3];
      R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RH1) | (1<<PIN_RH3);	//RH3 to -
      adcmv[1] = W20msReadADC(TP1);
      adcmv[1] -= adcmv[3];
      R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH2;		//RH2 to VCC
      R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RH2) | (1<<PIN_RH3);	//RH3 to -
      adcmv[2] = W20msReadADC(TP2);
      adcmv[2] -= adcmv[3];
      lcd_MEM_string(RHRH_str);	// "RHRH"
   }
				//############################################
   if (tt == 4) { // Text release probes
      lcd_MEM_string(RELPROBE);	// "Release Probes"
      if (AllProbesShorted() != 0) ww = MAX_REP-2;
   }
				//############################################
   if (tt == 5) { // can we switch the ADC pins to GND across R_H resistor?
      R_PORT = 0;
      R_DDR = 1<<PIN_RH1;		//Pin 1 over R_H to GND
      adcmv[0] = W20msReadADC(TP1);

      R_DDR = 1<<PIN_RH2;		//Pin 2 over R_H to GND
      adcmv[1] = W20msReadADC(TP2);

      R_DDR = 1<<PIN_RH3;		//Pin 3 over R_H to GND
      adcmv[2] = W20msReadADC(TP3);
      lcd_MEM_string(RH1L_str);	// "RH_Lo="
   }
				//############################################
   if (tt == 6) { // can we switch the ADC pins to VCC across the R_H resistor?
      R_DDR = 1<<PIN_RH1;		//Pin 1 over R_H to VCC
      R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH1;
      adcmv[0] = W20msReadADC(TP1) - ADCconfig.U_AVCC;
      R_DDR = 1<<PIN_RH2;		//Pin 2 over R_H to VCC
      R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH2;
      adcmv[1] = W20msReadADC(TP2) - ADCconfig.U_AVCC;
      R_DDR = 1<<PIN_RH3;		//Pin 3 over R_H to VCC
      R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH3;
      adcmv[2] = W20msReadADC(TP3) - ADCconfig.U_AVCC;
      lcd_MEM_string(RH1H_str);	// "RH_Hi="
   }
   if (tt == 7) { // is the voltage of all R_H / R_L dividers correct?
      u680 = ((long)ADCconfig.U_AVCC * (PIN_RM + R_L_VAL) / (PIN_RM + R_L_VAL + (unsigned long)R_H_VAL*100));
      R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH1;		//RH1 to VCC
      R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RH1) | (1<<PIN_RL1);	//RH1 to +, RL1 to -
      adcmv[0] = W20msReadADC(TP1);
      adcmv[0] -= u680;
      R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH2;		//RH2 to VCC
      R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RH2) | (1<<PIN_RL2);	//RH2 to +, RL2 to -
      adcmv[1] = W20msReadADC(TP2);
      adcmv[1] -= u680;
      R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH3;		//RH3 to VCC
      R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RH3) | (1<<PIN_RL3);	//RH3 to +, RL3 to -
      adcmv[2] = W20msReadADC(TP3);
      adcmv[2] -= u680;
      lcd_MEM_string(RHRL_str);	// "RH/RL"
   }
				//############################################
   if (tt > 1) {	// output 3 voltages 
      lcd_line2();			//Cursor to column 1, row 2
      i2lcd(adcmv[0]);		// lcd_string(itoa(adcmv[0], outval, 10));	//output voltage 1
      lcd_space();
      i2lcd(adcmv[1]);		// lcd_string(itoa(adcmv[1], outval, 10));	//output voltage 2
      lcd_space();
      i2lcd(adcmv[2]);		// lcd_string(itoa(adcmv[2], outval, 10));	//output voltage 3
   }
   ADC_DDR =  TXD_MSK;		// all-Pins to Input
   ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;		// all ADC-Ports to GND
   R_DDR = 0;			// all R-Ports to Input
   R_PORT = 0;
   taste = wait_for_key_ms(1000);	// wait up to 1 second or key is pressed
   if ((tt != 4) && (taste > 10)) {
      // don't finish repetition  for T4 with pressed key
      break; // if key is pressed, don't repeat
   }
} //end for ww
wait_for_key_ms(1000);	// wait up to 1 second or key is pressed
} //end for tt
  #if PROCESSOR_TYP == 1280
lcd_clear();
lcd_testpin(TP1);
lcd_data('L');
lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;
ADC_DDR = (1<<TP1) | TXD_MSK;
R_PORT = (1<<PIN_RL1);
R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RL1);
adcmv[0] = W5msReadADC(TP1);
ADCSRB = (1<<MUX5);		// switch to upper 8 MUX inputs
adcmv[1] = ReadADC(PIN_RL1);
ADCSRB = 0;			// switch back to lower 8 MUX inputs
ResistorVal[0] = (adcmv[0] * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[1] - adcmv[0]);
DisplayValue(ResistorVal[0],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
lcd_space();
lcd_data('H');
lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
ResistorVal[1] = (vcc_diff(adcmv[1]) * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[1] - adcmv[0]);
DisplayValue(ResistorVal[1],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
lcd_line2();
lcd_testpin(TP1);
lcd_space();
lcd_data('H');
lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
ADC_PORT = (1<<TP1) | TXD_VAL;
R_PORT = 0;
adcmv[0] = W5msReadADC(TP1);
ADCSRB = (1<<MUX5);		// switch to upper 8 MUX inputs
adcmv[1] = ReadADC(PIN_RL1);
ADCSRB = 0;			// switch back to lower 8 MUX inputs
ResistorVal[1] = (vcc_diff(adcmv[0]) * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[0] - adcmv[1]);
DisplayValue(ResistorVal[1],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
lcd_space();
lcd_data('L');
lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
ResistorVal[0] = (adcmv[1] * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[0] - adcmv[1]);
DisplayValue(ResistorVal[0],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
wait_about1s();			// only for mega1280
last_line_used = 2;
wait_for_key_5s_line2();		// wait up to 5 seconds and clear line 2
// 
lcd_clear();
lcd_testpin(TP2);
lcd_data('L');
lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;
ADC_DDR = (1<<TP2) | TXD_MSK;
R_PORT = (1<<PIN_RL2);
R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RL2);
adcmv[0] = W5msReadADC(TP2);
ADCSRB = (1<<MUX5);		// switch to upper 8 MUX inputs
adcmv[1] = ReadADC(PIN_RL2);
ADCSRB = 0;			// switch back to lower 8 MUX inputs
ResistorVal[0] = (adcmv[0] * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[1] - adcmv[0]);
DisplayValue(ResistorVal[0],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
lcd_space();
lcd_data('H');
lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
ResistorVal[1] = (vcc_diff(adcmv[1]) * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[1] - adcmv[0]);
DisplayValue(ResistorVal[1],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
lcd_line2();
lcd_testpin(TP2);
lcd_data('H');
lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
ADC_PORT = (1<<TP2) | TXD_VAL;
R_PORT = 0;
adcmv[0] = W5msReadADC(TP2);
ADCSRB = (1<<MUX5);		// switch to upper 8 MUX inputs
adcmv[1] = ReadADC(PIN_RL2);
ADCSRB = 0;			// switch back to lower 8 MUX inputs
ResistorVal[1] = (vcc_diff(adcmv[0]) * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[0] - adcmv[1]);
DisplayValue(ResistorVal[1],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
lcd_space();
lcd_data('L');
lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
ResistorVal[0] = (adcmv[1] * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[0] - adcmv[1]);
DisplayValue(ResistorVal[0],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
wait_about1s();			// only for mega1280
last_line_used = 2;
wait_for_key_5s_line2();		// wait up to 5 seconds and clear line 2
//
lcd_clear();
lcd_testpin(TP3);
lcd_data('L');
lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
ADC_DDR = (1<<TP3) | TXD_MSK;
R_PORT = (1<<PIN_RL3);
R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RL3);
adcmv[0] = W5msReadADC(TP3);
ADCSRB = (1<<MUX5);		// switch to upper 8 MUX inputs
adcmv[1] = ReadADC(PIN_RL3);
ADCSRB = 0;
ResistorVal[0] = (adcmv[0] * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[1] - adcmv[0]);
DisplayValue(ResistorVal[0],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
lcd_space();
lcd_data('H');
lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
ResistorVal[1] = (vcc_diff(adcmv[1]) * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[1] - adcmv[0]);
DisplayValue(ResistorVal[1],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
lcd_line2();
lcd_testpin(TP3);
lcd_data('H');
lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
ADC_PORT = (1<<TP3) | TXD_VAL;
R_PORT = 0;
adcmv[0] = W5msReadADC(TP3);
ADCSRB = (1<<MUX5);		// switch to upper 8 MUX inputs
adcmv[1] = ReadADC(PIN_RL3);
ADCSRB = 0;			// switch back to lower 8 MUX inputs
ResistorVal[1] = (vcc_diff(adcmv[0]) * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[0] - adcmv[1]);
DisplayValue(ResistorVal[1],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
lcd_space();
lcd_data('L');
lcd_equal();			// lcd_data('=');
ResistorVal[0] = (adcmv[1] * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[0] - adcmv[1]);
DisplayValue(ResistorVal[0],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
wait_about1s();			// only for mega1280
last_line_used = 2;
wait_for_key_5s_line2();		// wait up to 5 seconds and clear line 2
  #endif	/* PROCESSOR_TYP == 1280 */
}	/* end if((test_mode & 0x0f) == 1) */
 #endif		/* end EXTENDED_TESTS */

for (ww=0;ww<120;ww++) {
  // wait up to 1 minute for releasing the probes
  if (AllProbesShorted() == 0) break;
  lcd_clear_line2();		// clear total line2
  lcd_MEM_string(RELPROBE);	// "Release Probes"
  lcd_refresh();		// write the pixels to display, ST7920 only
  wait_about500ms();
}



lcd_clear();
lcd_MEM_string(RIHI_str);	// "RiHi="
DisplayValue16(RRpinPL,-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
lcd_line2();
lcd_MEM_string(RILO_str);	// "RiLo="
DisplayValue16(RRpinMI,-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
last_line_used = 2;
wait_for_key_5s_line2();		// wait up to 5 seconds and clear line 2

//measure Zero offset for Capacity measurement
PartFound = PART_NONE;
lcd_clear();
lcd_MEM_string(C0_str);			//output "C0 "
ReadCapacity(TP3, TP1);
adcmv[5] = (unsigned int) cap.cval_uncorrected.dw;	//save capacity value of empty Pin 1:3
ReadCapacity(TP3, TP2);
adcmv[6] = (unsigned int) cap.cval_uncorrected.dw;	//save capacity value of empty Pin 2:3
ReadCapacity(TP2, TP1);
adcmv[2] = (unsigned int) cap.cval_uncorrected.dw;	//save capacity value of empty Pin 1:2
ReadCapacity(TP1, TP3);
adcmv[1] = (unsigned int) cap.cval_uncorrected.dw;	//save capacity value of empty Pin 3:1
ReadCapacity(TP2, TP3);
adcmv[4] = (unsigned int) cap.cval_uncorrected.dw;	//save capacity value of empty Pin 3:2
ReadCapacity(TP1, TP2);
adcmv[0] = (unsigned int) cap.cval_uncorrected.dw;	//save capacity value of empty Pin 2:1
 #ifdef WITH_MENU
if (((test_mode & 0x0f) == 1) || (UnCalibrated == 2))
 #else
if (UnCalibrated == 2)
 #endif
{
  adcmv[3] = adcmv[0] + 2;		// mark as uncalibrated until Cap > 100nF has success
} else {
  adcmv[3] = adcmv[0];			// mark as calibrated, short calibration is finished
  UnCalibrated = 0;			// clear the UnCalibrated Flag
  lcd_cursor_off();			// switch cursor off
}
u2lcd_space(adcmv[5]);	//DisplayValue(adcmv[5],0,' ',3);		//output cap0 1:3
u2lcd_space(adcmv[6]);	//DisplayValue(adcmv[6],0,' ',3);		//output cap0 2:3
DisplayValue(adcmv[2],-12,'F',3);		//output cap0 1:2
 #ifdef AUTO_CAL
for (ww=0;ww<7;ww++) {			//checking loop
if ((adcmv[ww] > 190) || (adcmv[ww] < 10)) goto no_c0save;
}
for (ww=0;ww<7;ww++) {
  // write all zero offsets to the EEprom 
  (void) eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&c_zero_tab[ww]),adcmv[ww]+(COMP_SLEW1 / (CC0 + CABLE_CAP + COMP_SLEW2)));
}
lcd_line2();
lcd_MEM_string(OK_str);		// output "OK"
no_c0save:
 #endif
last_line_used = 2;
wait_for_key_5s_line2();		// wait up to 5 seconds and clear line 2

#ifdef SamplingADC
  sampling_cap_calibrate();		// measure zero capacity for samplingADC
#endif

 #ifdef AUTO_CAL
  #ifdef WITH_MENU
if (((test_mode & 0x0f) == 1) || (UnCalibrated == 2))
  #endif
// without menu function the capacitor is requested every time,
// because there is no way to request recaltbration again
// With menu function the capacitor is only requested for first time 
// calibration (UnCalibrated = 2) or for the full selftest call (test_mode = 1) 
// of the menu function, not with the automatically call (test_mode = 1).
{
// for full test or first time calibration, use external capacitor
// Message C > 100nF at TP1 and TP3
cap_found = 0;
#if (TPCAP <= 0)
lcd_clear();
lcd_testpin(TP1);
lcd_MEM_string(CapZeich);	// "-||-"
lcd_testpin(TP3);
lcd_MEM2_string(MinCap_str);	// " >100nF!"
#endif
for (ww=0;ww<64;ww++) {
  init_parts();
  #if (TPCAP >= 0)
  CalibrationCap();	// measure with internal calibration capacitor
  #else
  PartFound = PART_NONE;
  ReadCapacity(TP3, TP1);	// look for capacitor > 100nF
  #endif
  while (cap.cpre < -9) {
   cap.cpre++;
   cap.cval /= 10;
  }
  if ((cap.cpre == -9) && (cap.cval > 95) && (cap.cval < 22000) &&
    (load_diff > -150) && (load_diff < 150)) {
   cap_found++;
  } else {
   cap_found = 0;		// wait for stable connection
  }
  if (cap_found > 4) {
     // value of capacitor is correct
     (void) eeprom_write_word((uint16_t *)(&ref_offset), load_diff);	// hold zero offset + slew rate dependend offset
     lcd_clear();
     lcd_MEM2_string(REF_C_str);	// "REF_C="
     i2lcd(load_diff);		// lcd_string(itoa(load_diff, outval, 10));	//output REF_C_KORR
     RefVoltage();			// new ref_mv_offs and RHmultip
  #if 0
//#######################################
   // Test for switching level of the digital input of port TP3
   for (tt=0;tt<8;tt++) {
     ADC_PORT =  TXD_VAL;	//ADC-Port 1 to GND
     ADC_DDR = 1<<TP1 | TXD_MSK;	//ADC-Pin  1 to output 0V
     R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH3;		//Pin 3 over R_H to VCC
     R_DDR = 1<<PIN_RH3;		//Pin 3 over R_H to VCC
     while (1) {
        wdt_reset();
        if ((ADC_PIN&(1<<TP3)) == (1<<TP3)) break;
     }
     R_DDR = 0;		//Pin 3 without current
     R_PORT = 0;
     adcmv[0] = ReadADC(TP3);
     lcd_line3();
     Display_mV(adcmv[0],4);
     R_DDR = 1<<PIN_RH3;		//Pin 3 over R_H to GND
     while (1) {
        wdt_reset();
        if ((ADC_PIN&(1<<TP3)) != (1<<TP3)) break;
     }
     R_DDR = 0;		//Pin 3 without current
     lcd_line4();
     adcmv[0] = ReadADC(TP3);
     Display_mV(adcmv[0],4);
     last_line_used = 2;
     wait_for_key_5s_line2();		// wait up to 5 seconds and clear line 2
   }
//#######################################
  #endif
  #ifdef AUTOSCALE_ADC
   #if (TPCAP >= 0)
    #define CAP_ADC TPCAP	/* Cap >100nF is integrated at TPCAP */
   TCAP_PORT &= ~(1<<TCAP_RH);	// 470k resistor to GND
   TCAP_DDR |= (1<<TCAP_RH);	// enable output
   #else
    #define CAP_ADC TP3		/* Cap >100nF at TP3 */
   ADC_PORT =  TXD_VAL;	//ADC-Port 1 to GND
   ADC_DDR = 1<<TP1 | TXD_MSK;	//ADC-Pin  1 to output 0V
   R_DDR = 1<<PIN_RH3;		//Pin 3 over R_H to GND
   #endif
   do {
      adcmv[0] = ReadADC(CAP_ADC);
   } while (adcmv[0] > 980);
   #if (TPCAP >= 0)
   TCAP_DDR &= ~(1<<TCAP_RH);	// 470k resistor port to input mode
   #else
   R_DDR = 0;		//all Pins to input 
   #endif
   ADCconfig.U_Bandgap = 0;	// do not use internal Ref
   adcmv[0] = ReadADC(CAP_ADC);  // get cap voltage with VCC reference
   ADCconfig.U_Bandgap = adc_internal_reference;
   adcmv[1] = ReadADC(CAP_ADC);	// get cap voltage with internal reference
   adcmv[1] += adcmv[1];		// double the value
   ADCconfig.U_Bandgap = 0;	// do not use internal Ref
   adcmv[2] = ReadADC(CAP_ADC);  // get cap voltage with VCC reference
   ADCconfig.U_Bandgap = adc_internal_reference;
   udiff = (int8_t)(((signed long)(adcmv[0] + adcmv[2] - adcmv[1])) * adc_internal_reference / adcmv[1])+REF_R_KORR;
   lcd_line2();
   lcd_MEM2_string(REF_R_str);	// "REF_R="
   udiff2 = udiff + (int8_t)eeprom_read_byte((uint8_t *)(&RefDiff));
   (void) eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&RefDiff), (uint8_t)udiff2);	// hold offset for true reference Voltage
   i2lcd(udiff2);		// output correction voltage
   RefVoltage();			// set new ADCconfig.U_Bandgap
  #endif	/* end AUTOSCALE_ADC */
   last_line_used = 2;
   wait_for_key_5s_line2();		// wait up to 5 seconds and clear line 2
   UnCalibrated = 0;		// clear the UnCalibrated Flag
   lcd_cursor_off();		// switch cursor off
   cap_found = eeprom_read_byte((uint8_t *)&c_zero_tab[0]);	// read first capacity zero offset
   eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)&c_zero_tab[3], cap_found);	// mark as calibrated permanent
   break;			// leave the ww for loop
  }  /* end if (cap_found > 4) */
  lcd_line2();
  DisplayValue(cap.cval,cap.cpre,'F',4);
  lcd_clear_line();
  lcd_refresh();		// write the pixels to display, ST7920 only
  wait_about200ms();			// wait additional time
} // end for ww
}	/* end if((test_mode & 0x0f) == 1) */
 #endif  /* end AUTO_CAL */

ADCconfig.Samples = ANZ_MESS;	// set to configured number of ADC samples

#if defined(SamplingADC) && !defined(AUTO_LC_CAP)
  sampling_lc_calibrate(0);	// Cap for L-meas
#endif


 #ifdef FREQUENCY_50HZ
//#define TEST_SLEEP_MODE	/* only select for checking the sleep delay */
 lcd_clear();
 lcd_MEM_string(T50HZ);	//" 50Hz"
 lcd_refresh();		// write the pixels to display, ST7920 only
 ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;
 ADC_DDR = 1<<TP1 | TXD_MSK;	// Pin 1 to GND
 R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RL3) | (1<<PIN_RL2);
 for(ww=0;ww<30;ww++) {	// repeat the signal up to 30 times (1 minute)
   for (ff50=0;ff50<100;ff50++) {	// for 2 s generate 50 Hz
      R_PORT = (1<<PIN_RL2);	// Pin 2 over R_L to VCC, Pin 3 over R_L to GND
  #ifdef TEST_SLEEP_MODE
      sleep_5ms(2); 		// test of timing of sleep mode call 
  #else
      wait10ms();		// normal delay
  #endif
      R_PORT = (1<<PIN_RL3);	// Pin 3 over R_L to VCC, Pin 2 over R_L to GND
  #ifdef TEST_SLEEP_MODE
      sleep_5ms(2); 		// test of timing of sleep mode call 
  #else
      wait10ms();		// normal delay
  #endif
      wdt_reset();
   } /* end for ff50 */
   if (!(RST_PIN_REG & (1<<RST_PIN))) {
      // if key is pressed, don't repeat
      break;
   }
 } /* end for ww */
 #endif		/* end FREQUENCY_50HZ */
lcd_clear();
lcd_MEM_string(VERSION_str);	//"Version ..."
lcd_line2();
lcd_MEM_string(ATE);		//"Selftest End"
PartFound = PART_NONE;
     last_line_used = 2;
wait_for_key_5s_line2();		// wait up to 5 seconds and clear line 2
} /* end AutoCheck */ 

 
/*
 *  check for a short circuit between two probes
 *  from Markus R.
 *
 *  requires:
 *  - ID of first probe (0-2)
 *  - ID of second probe (0-2)
 *
 *  returns:
 *  - 0 if not shorted
 *  - 1 if shorted
 */

uint8_t ShortedProbes(uint8_t Probe1, uint8_t Probe2)
{
  uint8_t           Flag1 = 0;      /* return value */
  unsigned int      U1;            /* voltage at probe #1 in mV */
  unsigned int      U2;            /* voltage at probe #2 in mV */
  unsigned int      URH;	   /* half of reference voltage */
  const uint8_t *addr;
  uint8_t pp;
  /*
   *  Set up a voltage divider between the two probes:
   *  - Probe1: Rl pull-up
   *  - Probe2: Rl pull-down
   */

  ADC_DDR =  TXD_MSK;		// all-Pins to Input
  ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;		// all ADC-Ports to GND
  addr = &PinRLRHADCtab[Probe1];
  pp = pgm_read_byte(addr);
  R_PORT = pp;
  addr += (int8_t)(Probe2-Probe1);
  R_DDR =  pp | pgm_read_byte(addr);	// pgm_read_byte(PinRHtab[Probe1]) | pgm_read_byte(PinRLtab[Probe2]);

  /* read voltages */
  U1 = ReadADC(Probe1);
  U2 = ReadADC(Probe2);

  /*
   *  We expect both probe voltages to be about the same and
   *  to be half of Vcc (allowed difference +/- 20mV).
   */
 #ifndef MAX_UH_DIFF
  #define MAX_UH_DIFF 30
 #endif

  URH = ADCconfig.U_AVCC / 2;
  URH -= ((long)U_VCC * (long)(PIN_RP-PIN_RM)) / (4*(unsigned long)(R_L_VAL+PIN_RM));			// differenz of Pin resistance high (22) and low (20)
  if (((U1 + MAX_UH_DIFF) > URH ) && (U1 < (URH + MAX_UH_DIFF)))
  {
    if (((U2 + MAX_UH_DIFF) > URH) && (U2 < (URH + MAX_UH_DIFF)))
    {
      Flag1 = 1;
    }
  }

  /* reset port */
  R_DDR = 0;

  return Flag1;
}
/*
 *  check for a short circuit between all probes
 *  from Markus R.
 *
 *  returns:
 *  - 0 if no probes are short-circuited
 *  - number of probe pairs short-circuited (3 = all)
 */

uint8_t AllProbesShorted(void)
{
  uint8_t           Flag2;      /* return value */

  /* check all possible combinations */
  Flag2 = ShortedProbes(TP1, TP2);
  Flag2 += ShortedProbes(TP1, TP3);
  Flag2 += ShortedProbes(TP2, TP3);

  return Flag2;
}
#endif /* end #ifdef WITH_SELFTEST */
/* End AutoCheck.c */
#endif


#ifdef AUTO_CAL
 /* Begin mark_as_uncalibrated.c */
void mark_as_uncalibrated( void) {
 uint8_t ii;
 if (!UnCalibrated) {
    // equipment has changed, zero capacity value is too high or zero resistance is too high
    // but the device is marked as Calibrated.
    ii = eeprom_read_byte((uint8_t *)&c_zero_tab[0]);	// read first zero offset
    ii++;
    // make the unused c_zero_tab[3] different to c_zero_tab[0] to mark uncalibrated 
    eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)&c_zero_tab[3], ii);	// mark uncalibrated permanent
    UnCalibrated = 1;		// set back to uncalibrated
 }
}
/* End mark_as_uncalibrated.c */
#endif


#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff
 /* Begin GetIr.c */
/* Get residual current in reverse direction of a diode */ 
//=================================================================
void GetIr(uint8_t hipin, uint8_t lopin) {
  unsigned int u_res;	// reverse voltage at 470k
  unsigned int u_res_old;
  unsigned int ir_nano;
  uint8_t HiADC;

#if (((PIN_RL1 + 1) != PIN_RH1) || ((PIN_RL2 + 1) != PIN_RH2) || ((PIN_RL3 + 1) != PIN_RH3))
  HiADC = pgm_read_byte(&PinRLRHADCtab[hipin-TP_MIN]+6);	// Table of ADC pins including | TXD_VAL
  ADC_PORT = HiADC;		 	// switch ADC port to high level
  ADC_DDR = HiADC | TXD_MSK;		// switch High Pin direct to VCC
  R_PORT = 0;				// switch R-Port to GND
  LoPinR_L = pgm_read_byte(&PinRHRLADCtab[lopin-TP_MIN]);  //R_L mask for LowPin R_L load
#else
  uint8_t LoPinR_L;
  HiADC = pgm_read_byte(&PinRLRHADCtab[hipin-TP_MIN]+3);	// Table of ADC pins including | TXD_VAL
  ADC_PORT = HiADC;		 	// switch ADC port to high level
  ADC_DDR = HiADC | TXD_MSK;		// switch High Pin direct to VCC
  R_PORT = 0;				// switch R-Port to GND
  LoPinR_L = pgm_read_byte(&PinRLRHADCtab[lopin-TP_MIN]);  //R_L mask for LowPin R_L load
  // R_H Pin must always be one pin number higher
#endif
  R_DDR = LoPinR_L;		// switch R_L port for LowPin to output (GND)
  u_res = U_VCC;
  // first load the parallel capacity with 680 Ohm resistor, then measure current with 470k
  do {
     u_res_old = u_res;
     u_res = W20msReadADC(lopin);		// read voltage
#if (((PIN_RL1 + 1) != PIN_RH1) || ((PIN_RL2 + 1) != PIN_RH2) || ((PIN_RL3 + 1) != PIN_RH3))
     R_DDR = pgm_read_byte(&PinRHRLADCtab[lopin-TP_MIN+3]);  //R_H mask for LowPin R_H load
#else
     R_DDR = LoPinR_L + LoPinR_L;		// switch R_H port for LowPin to output (GND)
#endif
  } while (u_res < u_res_old);
  if (u_res == 0) return;		// no Output, if no current in reverse direction
#if (LCD_LINES > 3)
 #define IR_DIGITS 3
  lcd_line4();				// use Line 4 for Ir output
  lcd_MEM_string(Ir_str);		// output text "Ir="
#else
 #define IR_DIGITS 2
  lcd_MEM_string(Ir_str);		// output text "  Ir="
#endif
#ifdef WITH_IRMICRO
  unsigned int ir_micro;
  if (u_res < 2500) {
#endif
     /* R_H_VAL has units of 10 Ohm, u_res has units of mV, ir_nano has units of nA */
     ir_nano = (unsigned long)(u_res * 100000UL) / R_H_VAL;
     DisplayValue16(ir_nano,-9,'A',2);	// output two digits of current with nA units
#ifdef WITH_IRMICRO
  } else {
     R_DDR = LoPinR_L;			// switch R_L port for LowPin to output (GND)
     u_res = W5msReadADC(lopin);	// read voltage
     ir_nano = 0xffff;			// set to max
     /* RR680MI has units of 0.1 Ohm, u_res has units of mV, ir_micro has units of uA */
     ir_micro = (unsigned long)(u_res * 10000UL) / RR680MI;
     DisplayValue16(ir_micro,-6,'A',IR_DIGITS);	// output 2 or 3 digits of current in uA units
  }
#endif
  ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK;			// switch off
  ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;			// switch off
  R_DDR = 0;				// switch off current

  return ;
}
/* End GetIr.c */
#endif
  
//}


void loop() {
    
}

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

244

245

246

247

248

249

250

251

252

253

254

255

256

257

258

259

260

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

273

274

275

276

277

278

279

280

281

282

283

284

285

286

287

288

289

290

291

292

293

294

295

296

297

298

299

300

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

308

309

310

311

312

313

314

315

316

317

318

319

320

321

322

323

324

325

326

327

328

329

330

331

332

333

334

335

336

337

338

339

340

341

342

343

344

345

346

347

348

349

350

351

352

353

354

355

356

357

358

359

360

361

362

363

364

365

366

367

368

369

370

371

372

373

374

375

376

377

378

379

380

381

382

383

384

385

386

387

388

389

390

391

392

393

394

395

396

397

398

399

400

401

402

403

404

405

406

407

408

409

410

411

412

413

414

415

416

417

418

419

420

421

422

423

424

425

426

427

428

429

430

431

432

433

434

435

436

437

438

439

440

441

442

443

444

445

446

447

448

449

450

451

452

453

454

455

456

457

458

459

460

461

462

463

464

465

466

467

468

469

470

471

472

473

474

475

476

477

478

479

480

481

482

483

484

485

486

487

488

489

490

491

492

493

494

495

496

497

498

499

500

501

502

503

504

505

506

507

508

509

510

511

512

513

514

515

516

517

518

519

520

521

522

523

524

525

526

527

528

529

530

531

532

533

534

535

536

537

538

539

540

541

542

543

544

545

546

547

548

549

550

551

552

553

554

555

556

557

558

559

560

561

562

563

564

565

566

567

568

569

570

571

572

573

574

575

576

577

578

579

580

581

582

583

584

585

586

587

588

589

590

591

592

593

594

595

596

597

598

599

600

601

602

603

604

605

606

607

608

609

610

611

612

613

614

615

616

617

618

619

620

621

622

623

624

625

626

627

628

629

630

631

632

633

634

635

636

637

638

639

640

641

642

643

644

645

646

647

648

649

650

651

652

653

654

655

656

657

658

659

660

661

662

663

664

665

666

667

668

669

670

671

672

673

674

675

676

677

678

679

680

681

682

683

684

685

686

687

688

689

690

691

692

693

694

695

696

697

698

699

700

701

702

703

704

705

706

707

708

709

710

711

712

713

714

715

716

717

718

719

720

721

722

723

724

725

726

727

728

729

730

731

732

733

734

735

736

737

738

739

740

741

742

743

744

745

746

747

748

749

750

751

752

753

754

755

756

757

758

759

760

761

762

763

764

765

766

767

768

769

770

771

772

773

774

775

776

777

778

779

780

781

782

783

784

785

786

787

788

789

790

791

792

793

794

795

796

797

798

799

800

801

802

803

804

805

806

807

808

809

810

811

812

813

814

815

816

817

818

819

820

821

822

823

824

825

826

827

828

829

830

831

832

833

834

835

836

837

838

839

840

841

842

843

844

845

846

847

848

849

850

851

852

853

854

855

856

857

858

859

860

861

862

863

864

865

866

867

868

869

870

871

872

873

874

875

876

877

878

879

880

881

882

883

884

885

886

887

888

889

890

891

892

893

894

895

896

897

898

899

900

901

902

903

904

905

906

907

908

909

910

911

912

913

914

915

916

917

918

919

920

921

922

923

924

925

926

927

928

929

930

931

932

933

934

935

936

937

938

939

940

941

942

943

944

945

946

947

948

949

950

951

952

953

954

955

956

957

958

959

960

961

962

963

964

965

966

967

968

969

970

971

972

973

974

975

976

977

978

979

980

981

982

983

984

985

986

987

988

989

990

991

992

993

994

995

996

997

998

999

1000

1001

1002

1003

1004

1005

1006

1007

1008

1009

1010

1011

1012

1013

1014

1015

1016

1017

1018

1019

1020

1021

1022

1023

1024

1025

1026

1027

1028

1029

1030

1031

1032

1033

1034

1035

1036

1037

1038

1039

1040

1041

1042

1043

1044

1045

1046

1047

1048

1049

1050

1051

1052

1053

1054

1055

1056

1057

1058

1059

1060

1061

1062

1063

1064

1065

1066

1067

1068

1069

1070

1071

1072

1073

1074

1075

1076

1077

1078

1079

1080

1081

1082

1083

1084

1085

1086

1087

1088

1089

1090

1091

1092

1093

1094

1095

1096

1097

1098

1099

1100

1101

1102

1103

1104

1105

1106

1107

1108

1109

1110

1111

1112

1113

1114

1115

1116

1117

1118

1119

1120

1121

1122

1123

1124

1125

1126

1127

1128

1129

1130

1131

1132

1133

1134

1135

1136

1137

1138

1139

1140

1141

1142

1143

1144

1145

1146

1147

1148

1149

1150

1151

1152

1153

1154

1155

1156

1157

1158

1159

1160

1161

1162

1163

1164

1165

1166

1167

1168

1169

1170

1171

1172

1173

1174

1175

1176

1177

1178

1179

1180

1181

1182

1183

1184

1185

1186

1187

1188

1189

1190

1191

1192

1193

1194

1195

1196

1197

1198

1199

1200

1201

1202

1203

1204

1205

1206

1207

1208

1209

1210

1211

1212

1213

1214

1215

1216

1217

1218

1219

1220

1221

1222

1223

1224

1225

1226

1227

1228

1229

1230

1231

1232

1233

1234

1235

1236

1237

1238

1239

1240

1241

1242

1243

1244

1245

1246

1247

1248

1249

1250

1251

1252

1253

1254

1255

1256

1257

1258

1259

1260

1261

1262

1263

1264

1265

1266

1267

1268

1269

1270

1271

1272

1273

1274

1275

1276

1277

1278

1279

1280

1281

1282

1283

1284

1285

1286

1287

1288

1289

1290

1291

1292

1293

1294

1295

1296

1297

1298

1299

1300

1301

1302

1303

1304

1305

1306

1307

1308

1309

1310

1311

1312

1313

1314

1315

1316

1317

1318

1319

1320

1321

1322

1323

1324

1325

1326

1327

1328

1329

1330

1331

1332

1333

1334

1335

1336

1337

1338

1339

1340

1341

1342

1343

1344

1345

1346

1347

1348

1349

1350

1351

1352

1353

1354

1355

1356

1357

1358

1359

1360

1361

1362

1363

1364

1365

1366

1367

1368

1369

1370

1371

1372

1373

1374

1375

1376

1377

1378

1379

1380

1381

1382

1383

1384

1385

1386

1387

1388

1389

1390

1391

1392

1393

1394

1395

1396

1397

1398

1399

1400

1401

1402

1403

1404

1405

1406

1407

1408

1409

1410

1411

1412

1413

1414

1415

1416

1417

1418

1419

1420

1421

1422

1423

1424

1425

1426

1427

1428

1429

1430

1431

1432

1433

1434

1435

1436

1437

1438

1439

1440

1441

1442

1443

1444

1445

1446

1447

1448

1449

1450

1451

1452

1453

1454

1455

1456

1457

1458

1459

1460

1461

1462

1463

1464

1465

1466

1467

1468

1469

1470

1471

1472

1473

1474

1475

1476

1477

1478

1479

1480

1481

1482

1483

1484

1485

1486

1487

1488

1489

1490

1491

1492

1493

1494

1495

1496

1497

1498

1499

1500

1501

1502

1503

1504

1505

1506

1507

1508

1509

1510

1511

1512

1513

1514

1515

1516

1517

1518

1519

1520

1521

1522

1523

1524

1525

1526

1527

1528

1529

1530

1531

1532

1533

1534

1535

1536

1537

1538

1539

1540

1541

1542

1543

1544

1545

1546

1547

1548

1549

1550

1551

1552

1553

1554

1555

1556

1557

1558

1559

1560

1561

1562

1563

1564

1565

1566

1567

1568

1569

1570

1571

1572

1573

1574

1575

1576

1577

1578

1579

1580

1581

1582

1583

1584

1585

1586

1587

1588

1589

1590

1591

1592

1593

1594

1595

1596

1597

1598

1599

1600

1601

1602

1603

1604

1605

1606

1607

1608

1609

1610

1611

1612

1613

1614

1615

1616

1617

1618

1619

1620

1621

1622

1623

1624

1625

1626

1627

1628

1629

1630

1631

1632

1633

1634

1635

1636

1637

1638

1639

1640

1641

1642

1643

1644

1645

1646

1647

1648

1649

1650

1651

1652

1653

1654

1655

1656

1657

1658

1659

1660

1661

1662

1663

1664

1665

1666

1667

1668

1669

1670

1671

1672

1673

1674

1675

1676

1677

1678

1679

1680

1681

1682

1683

1684

1685

1686

1687

1688

1689

1690

1691

1692

1693

1694

1695

1696

1697

1698

1699

1700

1701

1702

1703

1704

1705

1706

1707

1708

1709

1710

1711

1712

1713

1714

1715

1716

1717

1718

1719

1720

1721

1722

1723

1724

1725

1726

1727

1728

1729

1730

1731

1732

1733

1734

1735

1736

1737

1738

1739

1740

1741

1742

1743

1744

1745

1746

1747

1748

1749

1750

1751

1752

1753

1754

1755

1756

1757

1758

1759

1760

1761

1762

1763

1764

1765

1766

1767

1768

1769

1770

1771

1772

1773

1774

1775

1776

1777

1778

1779

1780

1781

1782

1783

1784

1785

1786

1787

1788

1789

1790

1791

1792

1793

1794

1795

1796

1797

1798

1799

1800

1801

1802

1803

1804

1805

1806

1807

1808

1809

1810

1811

1812

1813

1814

1815

1816

1817

1818

1819

1820

1821

1822

1823

1824

1825

1826

1827

1828

1829

1830

1831

1832

1833

1834

1835

1836

1837

1838

1839

1840

1841

1842

1843

1844

1845

1846

1847

1848

1849

1850

1851

1852

1853

1854

1855

1856

1857

1858

1859

1860

1861

1862

1863

1864

1865

1866

1867

1868

1869

1870

1871

1872

1873

1874

1875

1876

1877

1878

1879

1880

1881

1882

1883

1884

1885

1886

1887

1888

1889

1890

1891

1892

1893

1894

1895

1896

1897

1898

1899

1900

1901

1902

1903

1904

1905

1906

1907

1908

1909

1910

1911

1912

1913

1914

1915

1916

1917

1918

1919

1920

1921

1922

1923

1924

1925

1926

1927

1928

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

2031

2032

2033

2034

2035

2036

2037

2038

2039

2040

2041

2042

2043

2044

2045

2046

2047

2048

2049

2050

2051

2052

2053

2054

2055

2056

2057

2058

2059

2060

2061

2062

2063

2064

2065

2066

2067

2068

2069

2070

2071

2072

2073

2074

2075

2076

2077

2078

2079

2080

2081

2082

2083

2084

2085

2086

2087

2088

2089

2090

2091

2092

2093

2094

2095

2096

2097

2098

2099

2100

2101

2102

2103

2104

2105

2106

2107

2108

2109

2110

2111

2112

2113

2114

2115

2116

2117

2118

2119

2120

2121

2122

2123

2124

2125

2126

2127

2128

2129

2130

2131

2132

2133

2134

2135

2136

2137

2138

2139

2140

2141

2142

2143

2144

2145

2146

2147

2148

2149

2150

2151

2152

2153

2154

2155

2156

2157

2158

2159

2160

2161

2162

2163

2164

2165

2166

2167

2168

2169

2170

2171

2172

2173

2174

2175

2176

2177

2178

2179

2180

2181

2182

2183

2184

2185

2186

2187

2188

2189

2190

2191

2192

2193

2194

2195

2196

2197

2198

2199

2200

2201

2202

2203

2204

2205

2206

2207

2208

2209

2210

2211

2212

2213

2214

2215

2216

2217

2218

2219

2220

2221

2222

2223

2224

2225

2226

2227

2228

2229

2230

2231

2232

2233

2234

2235

2236

2237

2238

2239

2240

2241

2242

2243

2244

2245

2246

2247

2248

2249

2250

2251

2252

2253

2254

2255

2256

2257

2258

2259

2260

2261

2262

2263

2264

2265

2266

2267

2268

2269

2270

2271

2272

2273

2274

2275

2276

2277

2278

2279

2280

2281

2282

2283

2284

2285

2286

2287

2288

2289

2290

2291

2292

2293

2294

2295

2296

2297

2298

2299

2300

2301

2302

2303

2304

2305

2306

2307

2308

2309

2310

2311

2312

2313

2314

2315

2316

2317

2318

2319

2320

2321

2322

2323

2324

2325

2326

2327

2328

2329

2330

2331

2332

2333

2334

2335

2336

2337

2338

2339

2340

2341

2342

2343

2344

2345

2346

2347

2348

2349

2350

2351

2352

2353

2354

2355

2356

2357

2358

2359

2360

2361

2362

2363

2364

2365

2366

2367

2368

2369

2370

2371

2372

2373

2374

2375

2376

2377

2378

2379

2380

2381

2382

2383

2384

2385

2386

2387

2388

2389

2390

2391

2392

2393

2394

2395

2396

2397

2398

2399

2400

2401

2402

2403

2404

2405

2406

2407

2408

2409

2410

2411

2412

2413

2414

2415

2416

2417

2418

2419

2420

2421

2422

2423

2424

2425

2426

2427

2428

2429

2430

2431

//Test with program in

#include <avr/io.h>

#include <util/delay.h>

#include <avr/sleep.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include "stdint.h" //JLG

#include <string.h>

#include <avr/eeprom.h>

#include <avr/pgmspace.h>

#include <avr/wdt.h>

#include <math.h>

#define MAIN_C

#include "Makefile.h" //JLG

#include "Transistortester.h"

#include "config.h"

#include "part_defs.h"

#include "lcd_routines.h"

#include "lcd_defines.h"

#include "wait1000ms.h"

#include "autoconf.h"

#include "tt_function.h"

#include "tt_resistor.h"

#include "bitmaps.h"

#include "font.h"

#include "24x32update_bitmaps.h"

/* defines global variables in RAM and EEprom from file tt_globals.h */

/* removed ifdef MAIN_C because always defined */

#define COMMON

#ifdef AUTO_CAL

const int8_t RefDiff EEMEM = REF_R_KORR; // correction of internal Reference Voltage

// const uint16_t cap_null EEMEM = C_NULL; // Zero offset of capacity measurement

const int16_t ref_offset EEMEM = REF_C_KORR; // default correction of internal reference voltage for capacity measurement

// the zero offset for capacity measurement for all pin combinations

// LoPin:HiPin 2:1 3:1 1:2 marker 3:2 1:3 2:3

const uint8_t c_zero_tab[] EEMEM = { C_NULL,C_NULL,C_NULL+TP2_CAP_OFFSET,C_NULL+2,C_NULL+TP2_CAP_OFFSET,C_NULL,C_NULL }; //table of zero offsets

// if the marker position of c_zero_tab is not equal the first position, the calibration has not run before

#endif

#ifdef SamplingADC

const uint16_t c_zero_tab2_lo[] EEMEM = { C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100 }; // zero offsets for SamplingADC capacitance measurement, in 0.01 pF, lo voltage

const uint16_t c_zero_tab2_hi[] EEMEM = { C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100,C_NULL*100 }; // same, hi voltage

#endif

#ifdef WITH_MENU

const int8_t big_cap_corr EEMEM = C_H_KORR; // default correction for big capacity measurement

#if defined(WITH_FREQUENCY_DIVIDER) && !defined(NO_FREQ_COUNTER)

#ifndef FREQ_SCALER

#define FREQ_SCALER 0 // 1<<0 = 1

#endif

const uint8_t f_scaler EEMEM = FREQ_SCALER; // default scaler for frequency measurement

#endif

const uint8_t EE_ESR_ZEROtab[] EEMEM = {ESR_ZERO, ESR_ZERO, ESR_ZERO, ESR_ZERO}; // zero offset of ESR measurement

#ifdef WITH_ROTARY_SWITCH

// const uint8_t EE_RotarySwitch EEMEM = 0; // rotation switch is not detected

#endif

#if ((LCD_ST_TYPE == 7565) || (LCD_ST_TYPE == 1306) || (LCD_ST_TYPE == 8812) || (LCD_ST_TYPE == 8814) || defined(LCD_DOGM))

const uint8_t EE_Volume_Value EEMEM = VOLUME_VALUE; // Volume Value for ST7565 controller

#endif

#ifdef LCD_CHANGE_COLOR

const uint8_t EE_BG_COLOR1 EEMEM = LCD_BG_COLOR & 0xff; // lower bits of background color

const uint8_t EE_BG_COLOR2 EEMEM = LCD_BG_COLOR >> 8; // higher bits of background color

const uint8_t EE_FG_COLOR1 EEMEM = LCD_FG_COLOR & 0xff; // lower bits of foreground color

const uint8_t EE_FG_COLOR2 EEMEM = LCD_FG_COLOR >> 8; // higher bits of foreground color

#endif

struct Diode_t {

uint8_t Anode[6];

uint8_t Cathode[6];

unsigned int Voltage[6];

};

COMMON struct Diode_t diodes;

struct Switch_t {

union {

unsigned long Pw; // combined Mask

uint8_t R[4]; // mask to switch a Pin with R_L, mask to switch a Pin with R_H

} Pin;

};

COMMON uint8_t NumOfDiodes;

COMMON uint8_t diode_sequence;

typedef struct {

unsigned long hfe; //current amplification factor

unsigned int uBE; //B-E-voltage of the Transistor or RDS for E-MOS; Idss for JFET

unsigned int current; // current of Drain in 1uA

unsigned int ice0; // for BJT ICEO in 1uA; for FET cut-off voltage in mV

unsigned int gthvoltage; //Gate-threshold voltage

// for bipolar gthvoltage is ICEs in 1uA

#define ices gthvoltage

// note: don't change the total size of the above fields, since the offsets of the following 3 fields are hard-coded in PinLayout.S

uint8_t b,c,e; //pins of the Transistor

uint8_t count;

}trans_t;

COMMON trans_t ptrans; // parameters of P type transistor

COMMON trans_t ntrans; // parameters of N type transistor

COMMON trans_t *_trans; // pointer to trans_t structure

COMMON uint8_t tmpval, tmpval2;

COMMON unsigned int ref_mv; //Reference-voltage in mV units (as read with ADC)

COMMON unsigned int ref_mv_offs; //Reference-voltage in mV units with eeprom offset for C

COMMON unsigned int adc_internal_reference; //internal reference voltage of ADC in mV units

COMMON unsigned int adc_vcc_reference; // reference voltage of ADC,if switched to VCC in mV units

COMMON unsigned int RHmultip; // Multiplier for capacity measurement with R_H (470KOhm)

#ifdef WITH_MENU

COMMON union t_frq{

unsigned long dw;

uint16_t w[2];

uint8_t b[4];

} ext_freq; // external frequency

//COMMON unsigned long ext_period;

COMMON unsigned int pinchange_count;

COMMON unsigned int pinchange_max;

#endif

COMMON struct cap_t {

// Attention! If you change this structure, you must also change defines in GetESR.S !!!!

unsigned long cval; // capacitor value

unsigned long cval_max; //capacitor with maximum value

union t_combi{

unsigned long dw; // capacity value without corrections

uint16_t w[2];

} cval_uncorrected;

#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff

unsigned int esr; // serial resistance of C in 0.01 Ohm

unsigned int v_loss; // voltage loss 0.1%

#endif

uint8_t ca, cb; //pins of capacitor

int8_t cpre; //Prefix for capacitor value -12=p, -9=n, -6=µ, -3=m

int8_t cpre_max; //Prefix of the biggest capacitor

} cap;

unsigned int cell_mv[3]; //remaining load voltages after discharge cycle

#ifndef INHIBIT_SLEEP_MODE

/* with sleep mode we need a global ovcnt16 */

COMMON volatile uint16_t ovcnt16;

COMMON volatile uint8_t unfinished;

#endif

COMMON int16_t load_diff; // difference voltage of loaded capacitor and internal reference

COMMON uint8_t WithReference; // Marker for found precision voltage reference = 1

COMMON uint8_t PartFound; // type of the found part

COMMON uint8_t PartMode; // description of the found part

COMMON char outval[10]; // String for ASCII-output i2lcd, u2lcd

//COMMON char OutBuffer[10]; // String for ASCII-output DisplayValue

COMMON uint8_t empty_count; // counter for max count of empty measurements

COMMON uint8_t mess_count; // counter for max count of nonempty measurements

COMMON struct ADCconfig_t {

uint8_t Samples; // number of ADC samples to take

uint8_t RefFlag; // save Reference type VCC of IntRef

uint16_t U_Bandgap; // Reference Voltage in mV

uint16_t U_AVCC; // Voltage of AVCC

} ADCconfig;

#ifdef AUTO_CAL

COMMON uint8_t pin_combination; // coded Pin-combination 2:1,3:1,1:2,x:x,3:2,1:3,2:3

COMMON uint16_t resis680pl; // port output resistance + 680

COMMON uint16_t resis680mi; // port output resistance + 680

COMMON uint16_t pin_rmi; // port output resistance to GND side, 0.1 Ohm units

COMMON uint16_t pin_rpl; // port output resistance to VCC side, 0.1 Ohm units

COMMON uint8_t UnCalibrated; // 0, if the tester is calibrated

#endif

#ifdef WITH_ROTARY_SWITCH

#define ROT_MSK 0x03 /* must be power of two - 1: 3,7,15 */

struct Rotary_t {

uint8_t state[(ROT_MSK+1)]; // coded state history of the rotatry switch, bit 0 == state of A-switch, bit 1 = state of B-switch

uint8_t ind; // index to the last entry of the state history (rotary switch)

int8_t count; // count of right steps, negative if left steps

uint8_t incre; // absolute value of step count

#if WITH_ROTARY_SWITCH == 4

// no rotary switch connected, UP and DOWN key is present

uint8_t a_state; // history of switch A state for single UP switch

uint8_t b_state; // history of switch B state for single DOWN switch

#endif

};

COMMON struct Rotary_t rotary;

COMMON uint8_t rotary_switch_present; // is set to 1, if rotary switch movement is detected

// COMMON const uint8_t EE_RotarySwitch; // rotation switch is detected

#endif

#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff

COMMON uint8_t DC_Pwr_mode;

#endif

COMMON uint8_t lcd_text_line;

COMMON uint8_t _lcd_column;

COMMON uint8_t last_line_used;

//#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1

COMMON unsigned int display_time; // display time of measurement in ms units

//#endif

#if (LCD_ST_TYPE == 7920)

COMMON uint8_t lcd_bit_mem[64][16];

#endif

#if ((LCD_ST_TYPE == 7565) || (LCD_ST_TYPE == 1306) || defined(LCD_DOGM))

COMMON const uint8_t EE_Volume_Value EEMEM; // Volume Value for ST7565 controller

#endif

#ifdef LCD_CHANGE_COLOR

COMMON union {

uint16_t w;

uint8_t b[2];

} lcd_bg_color;

#endif

#if defined(LCD_CHANGE_COLOR) || defined(LCD_ICON_COLOR)

COMMON union {

uint16_t w;

uint8_t b[2];

} lcd_fg_color;

#endif

#if defined(LCD_ICON_COLOR)

COMMON union {

uint16_t w;

uint8_t b[2];

} lcd_fg2_color;

#endif

/* END defines global variables in RAM and EEprom from file tt_globals.h */

#ifndef INHIBIT_SLEEP_MODE

// prepare sleep mode

EMPTY_INTERRUPT(TIMER2_COMPA_vect);

#endif

#if !defined(INHIBIT_SLEEP_MODE) || defined(SamplingADC)

// ADC_vect is always required by samplingADC()

EMPTY_INTERRUPT(ADC_vect);

#endif

/**************************************************

*** begin of transistortester program

***************************************************/

void setup() {

#ifdef WITH_HARDWARE_SERIAL

Serial.begin(115200); // Serial Monitor

#endif

//#ifdef ARDUINO_UNO

// pinMode(A3,INPUT_PULLUP);// avoids external 10K Pullup

//#endif

uint8_t ii;

unsigned int max_time;

#ifdef SEARCH_PARASITIC

unsigned long n_cval; // capacitor value of NPN B-E diode, for deselecting the parasitic Transistor

int8_t n_cpre; // capacitor prefix of NPN B-E diode

#endif

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS

unsigned char options;

#endif

uint8_t vak_diode_nr; // number of the protection diode of BJT

union {

uint16_t pw;

uint8_t pb[2];

} rpins;

uint8_t x, y, z;

//switch on

ON_DDR = (1<<ON_PIN); // switch to output

ON_PORT = (1<<ON_PIN); // switch power on

#ifndef PULLUP_DISABLE

RST_PORT |= (1<<RST_PIN); // enable internal Pullup for Start-Pin

#endif

uint8_t tmp;

//ADC-Init

ADCSRA = (1<<ADEN) | AUTO_CLOCK_DIV; //prescaler=8 or 64 (if 8Mhz clock)

#ifdef __AVR_ATmega8__

// #define WDRF_HOME MCU_STATUS_REG

#define WDRF_HOME MCUCSR

#else

#define WDRF_HOME MCUSR

#if FLASHEND > 0x3fff

// probably was a bootloader active, disable the UART

UCSR0B = 0; // disable UART, if started with bootloader

#endif

wait500ms();

#if (PROCESSOR_TYP == 644) || (PROCESSOR_TYP == 1280)

#define BAUD_RATE 9600

// UBRR0H = (F_CPU / 16 / BAUD_RATE - 1) >> 8;

// UBRR0L = (F_CPU / 16 / BAUD_RATE - 1) & 0xff;

// UCSR0B = (1<<TXEN0);

// UCSR0C = (1<<USBS0) | (3<<UCSZ00); // 2 stop bits, 8-bit

// while (!(UCSR0A & (1<<UDRE0))) { }; // wait for send data port ready

#ifdef SWUART_INVERT

SERIAL_PORT &= ~(1<<SERIAL_BIT);

#else

SERIAL_PORT |= (1<<SERIAL_BIT);

#endif

SERIAL_DDR |= (1<<SERIAL_BIT);

#endif

tmp = (WDRF_HOME & ((1<<WDRF))); // save Watch Dog Flag

WDRF_HOME &= ~(1<<WDRF); //reset Watch Dog flag

wdt_disable(); // disable Watch Dog

#ifndef INHIBIT_SLEEP_MODE

// switch off unused Parts

#if PROCESSOR_TYP == 644

#ifdef PRUSART1

PRR0 = (1<<PRTWI) | (1<<PRSPI) | (1<<PRUSART1);

#else

PRR0 = (1<<PRTWI) | (1<<PRSPI) ;

#endif

// PRR1 = (1<<PRTIM3) ;

#elif PROCESSOR_TYP == 1280

PRR0 = (1<<PRTWI) | (1<<PRSPI) | (1<<PRUSART1);

#else

PRR = (1<<PRTWI) | (1<<PRSPI) | (1<<PRUSART0);

#endif

// disable digital inputs of Analog pins, but TP1-3 digital inputs must be left enabled for VGS measurement

TCCR2A = (0<<WGM21) | (0<<WGM20); // Counter 2 normal mode

TCCR2B = CNTR2_PRESCALER; //prescaler set in autoconf

#endif /* INHIBIT_SLEEP_MODE */

sei(); // enable interrupts

lcd_init(); //initialize LCD

// ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;

// ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK;

if(tmp) {

// check if Watchdog-Event

// this happens, if the Watchdog is not reset for 2s

// can happen, if any loop in the Program doen't finish.

lcd_line1();

lcd_MEM_string(TestTimedOut); //Output Timeout

wait_about3s(); // time to read the Timeout message

switch_tester_off();

return 0;

}

#ifdef PULLUP_DISABLE

#ifdef __AVR_ATmega8__

SFIOR = (1<<PUD); // disable Pull-Up Resistors mega8

#else

MCUCR = (1<<PUD); // disable Pull-Up Resistors mega168 family

#endif

//#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1

// tester display time selection

#ifndef USE_EEPROM

EE_check_init(); // init EEprom, if unset

#endif

#ifdef WITH_ROTARY_SWITCH

// rotary_switch_present = eeprom_read_byte(&EE_RotarySwitch);

rotary.ind = ROT_MSK+1; //initilize state history with next call of check_rotary()

#endif

#ifdef WITH_HARDWARE_SERIAL

// ii = 60;

ii = 30;

#else

#if 1

for (ii=0; ii<60; ii++) {

if (RST_PIN_REG & (1 << RST_PIN))

break; // button is released

wait_about10ms();

}

#else

ii = 0;

if (!(RST_PIN_REG & (1<<RST_PIN))) {

// key is still pressed

ii = wait_for_key_ms(700);

}

#endif

display_time = OFF_WAIT_TIME; // LONG_WAIT_TIME for single mode, else SHORT_WAIT_TIME

if (ii > 30) {

display_time = LONG_WAIT_TIME; // ... set long time display anyway

}

#endif // WITH_HARDWARE_SERIAL

#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1

empty_count = 0;

mess_count = 0;

#endif

ADCconfig.RefFlag = 0;

Calibrate_UR(); // get Ref Voltages and Pin resistance

#ifdef WDT_enabled

wdt_enable(WDTO_2S); //Watchdog on

#endif

#ifdef WITH_MENU

if (ii >= 60) {

while(function_menu()); // selection of function

}

#endif

//*****************************************************************

//Entry: if start key is pressed before shut down

loop_start:

#if ((LCD_ST_TYPE == 7565) || (LCD_ST_TYPE == 1306))

lcd_command(CMD_DISPLAY_ON);

lcd_command(CMD_SET_ALLPTS_NORMAL); // 0xa4

#endif

lcd_clear(); // clear the LCD

ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK; // activate Software-UART

init_parts(); // reset parts info to nothing found

Calibrate_UR(); // get Ref Voltages and Pin resistance

lcd_line1(); // Cursor to 1. row, column 1

#ifdef BAT_CHECK

// Battery check is selected

Battery_check();

#else

lcd_MEM_string(VERSION_str); // if no Battery check, Version .. in row 1

#endif /* BAT_CHECK */

// begin tests

#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff

if (WithReference) {

/* 2.5V precision reference is checked OK */

#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1

if ((mess_count == 0) && (empty_count == 0))

#endif

{

/* display VCC= only first time */

lcd_line2();

lcd_MEM_string(VCC_str); // VCC=

Display_mV(ADCconfig.U_AVCC,3); // Display 3 Digits of this mV units

lcd_refresh(); // write the pixels to display, ST7920 only

wait_about1s(); // time to read the VCC= message

}

#endif

#ifdef WITH_VEXT

unsigned int Vext;

// show the external voltage

while (!(RST_PIN_REG & (1<<RST_PIN))) {

lcd_clear_line2();

lcd_MEM_string(Vext_str); // Vext=

ADC_DDR = 0; //deactivate Software-UART

Vext = W5msReadADC(TPext); // read external voltage

// ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK; //activate Software-UART

uart_newline(); // MAURO replaced uart_putc(' ') by uart_newline(), 'Z'

#if EXT_NUMERATOR <= (0xffff/U_VCC)

Display_mV(Vext*EXT_NUMERATOR/EXT_DENOMINATOR,3); // Display 3 Digits of this mV units

#else

DisplayValue((unsigned long)Vext*EXT_NUMERATOR/EXT_DENOMINATOR,-3,'V',3); // Display 3 Digits of this mV units

#endif

lcd_refresh(); // write the pixels to display, ST7920 only

wait_about300ms(); // delay to read the Vext= message

}

#endif /* WITH_VEXT */

#ifndef DebugOut

lcd_line2(); //LCD position row 2, column 1

#endif

EntladePins(); // discharge all capacitors!

if(PartFound == PART_CELL) {

lcd_clear();

lcd_MEM_string(Cell_str); // display "Cell!"

#if FLASHEND > 0x3fff

lcd_line2(); // use LCD line 2

Display_mV(cell_mv[0],3);

lcd_space();

Display_mV(cell_mv[1],3);

lcd_space();

Display_mV(cell_mv[2],3);

#endif

#ifdef WITH_SELFTEST

lcd_refresh(); // write the pixels to display, ST7920 only

wait_about2s();

AutoCheck(0x11); // full Selftest with "Short probes" message

#endif

goto tt_end;

}

#ifdef WITH_SELFTEST

#ifdef AUTO_CAL

lcd_cursor_off();

UnCalibrated = (eeprom_read_byte(&c_zero_tab[3]) - eeprom_read_byte(&c_zero_tab[0]));

if (UnCalibrated != 0) {

// if calibrated, both c_zero_tab values are identical! c_zero_tab[3] is not used otherwise

lcd_cursor_on();

}

#endif

#ifdef WITH_MENU

AutoCheck(0x00); //check, if selftest should be done, only calibration

#else

AutoCheck(0x01); //check, if selftest should be done, full selftest without MENU

#endif

#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff

lcd_clear_line2(); //LCD position row2, column 1

#else

lcd_line2(); //LCD position row2, column 1

#endif

lcd_MEM_string(TestRunning); //String: testing...

lcd_refresh(); // write the pixels to display, ST7920 only

#ifdef WITH_UART

uart_putc(0x03); // ETX, start of new measurement

uart_newline(); // MAURO Added

#endif

// check all 6 combinations for the 3 pins

// High Low Tri

CheckPins(TP1, TP2, TP3);

CheckPins(TP2, TP1, TP3);

CheckPins(TP1, TP3, TP2);

CheckPins(TP3, TP1, TP2);

CheckPins(TP2, TP3, TP1);

CheckPins(TP3, TP2, TP1);

// Capacity measurement is only possible correctly with two Pins connected.

// A third connected pin will increase the capacity value!

// if(((PartFound == PART_NONE) || (PartFound == PART_RESISTOR) || (PartFound == PART_DIODE)) ) {

if(PartFound == PART_NONE) {

// If no part is found yet, check separate if is is a capacitor

#ifdef DebugOut

lcd_data('C');

#endif

EntladePins(); // discharge capacities

//measurement of capacities in all 3 combinations

ReadCapacity(TP3, TP1);

#ifdef DebugOut

lcd_data('K');

#endif

#if DebugOut != 10

ReadCapacity(TP3, TP2);

#ifdef DebugOut

lcd_data('K');

#endif

ReadCapacity(TP2, TP1);

#ifdef DebugOut

lcd_data('K');

#endif

}

#ifdef WITH_UJT

// check for UJT

if (PartFound==PART_DIODE

&& NumOfDiodes==2 // UJT is detected as 2 diodes E-B1 and E-B2...

// && ResistorsFound==1 // ...and a resistor B1-B2

&& diodes.Anode[0]==diodes.Anode[1] // check diodes have common anode

// && (unsigned char)(ResistorList[0]+diodes.Anode[0])==2 // and resistor is between cathodes

)

// note: there also exist CUJTs (complementary UJTs); they seem to be (even) rarer than UJTs, and are not supported for now

{

CheckUJT();

}

#endif /* defined WITH_UJT */

#ifdef WITH_XTAL

if (PartFound==PART_NONE || ((PartFound==PART_CAPACITOR) && (cap.cpre_max == -12))) {

// still not recognized anything? then check for ceramic resonator or crystal

// these tests are time-consuming, so we do them last, and only on TP1/TP3

sampling_test_xtal();

}

#endif

//All checks are done, output result to display

#ifdef DebugOut

// only clear two lines of LCD

lcd_clear_line1();

#else

lcd_clear(); // clear total display

#endif

_trans = &ntrans; // default transistor structure to show

if (PartFound == PART_THYRISTOR) {

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS

lcd_big_icon(THYRISTOR|LCD_UPPER_LEFT);

lcd_draw_trans_pins(-8, 16);

lcd_set_cursor(0,TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON); // position behind the icon, Line 1

lcd_MEM_string(Thyristor); //"Thyristor"

#else

lcd_MEM_string(Thyristor); //"Thyristor"

PinLayout(Cathode_char,'G','A'); // CGA= or 123=...

#endif

goto TyUfAusgabe;

}

if (PartFound == PART_TRIAC) {

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS

lcd_big_icon(TRIAC|LCD_UPPER_LEFT);

lcd_draw_trans_pins(-8, 16);

lcd_set_cursor(0,TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON); // position behind the icon, Line 1

lcd_MEM_string(Triac); //"Triac"

#else

lcd_MEM_string(Triac); //"Triac"

PinLayout('1','G','2'); // CGA= or 123=...

#endif

goto TyUfAusgabe;

}

#ifdef WITH_PUT

if (PartFound == PART_PUT) {

static const unsigned char PUT_str[] MEM_TEXT = "PUT";

lcd_MEM_string(PUT_str);

_trans=&ptrans;

PinLayout('A','G',Cathode_char);

goto TyUfAusgabe;

}

#endif

#ifdef WITH_UJT

if (PartFound == PART_UJT) {

static const unsigned char UJT_str[] MEM_TEXT = "UJT";

lcd_MEM_string(UJT_str);

PinLayout('1','E','2');

#ifdef SamplingADC

static const unsigned char eta_str[] MEM_TEXT = " eta=";

lcd_next_line(0);

ResistorChecked[ntrans.e - TP_MIN + ntrans.c - TP_MIN - 1] = 0; // forget last resistance measurement

GetResistance(ntrans.c, ntrans.e); // resistor value is in ResistorVal[resnum]

DisplayValue(ResistorVal[ntrans.e - TP_MIN + ntrans.c - TP_MIN - 1],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,2);

lcd_MEM_string(eta_str); //"eta="

DisplayValue(ntrans.gthvoltage,0,'%',3);

#else /* ! SamplingADC */

static const unsigned char R12_str[] MEM_TEXT = "R12=";

lcd_next_line(0);

lcd_MEM_string(R12_str); //"R12="

DisplayValue(ResistorVal[ntrans.e - TP_MIN + ntrans.c - TP_MIN - 1],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,2);

lcd_data(',');

DisplayValue(((RR680PL * (unsigned long)(ADCconfig.U_AVCC - ntrans.uBE)) / ntrans.uBE)-RRpinPL,-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);

#endif /* SamplingADC */

goto tt_end;

}

#endif /* WITH_UJT */

if (PartFound == PART_CAPACITOR) {

#if FLASHEND > 0x3fff

if ((cap.ca + cap.cb) == (TP1 + TP3)) {

show_Cap13(); // repeated capacity measurement

goto shut_off; // key was pressed or timeout

}

show_cap(0); // show capacity in normal way and measure additional parameters

#else

show_cap_simple(); // show capacity in normal way and measure additional parameters

#endif

goto tt_end;

} /* end PartFound == PART_CAPACITOR */

#ifdef WITH_XTAL

if (PartFound == PART_CERAMICRESONATOR) {

// static const unsigned char cerres_str[] MEM_TEXT = "Cer.resonator ";

lcd_MEM_string(cerres_str);

if (sampling_measure_xtal()) goto loop_start;

goto tt_end;

}

if (PartFound == PART_XTAL) {

// static const unsigned char xtal_str[] MEM_TEXT = "Crystal ";

lcd_MEM_string(xtal_str);

if (sampling_measure_xtal()) goto loop_start;

goto tt_end;

}

#endif

// ========================================

if(PartFound == PART_DIODE) {

// ========================================

if(NumOfDiodes == 1) { //single Diode

// lcd_MEM_string(Diode); //"Diode: "

#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff

// enough memory (>8k) to sort the pins and additional Ir=

DiodeSymbol_withPins(0);

GetIr(diodes.Cathode[0],diodes.Anode[0]); // measure and output Ir=x.xuA

#else

// too less memory to sort the pins

DiodeSymbol_withPins(0);

#endif

UfAusgabe(0x70); // mark for additional resistor and output Uf= in line 2

#ifndef SamplingADC

/* load current of capacity is (5V-1.1V)/(470000 Ohm) = 8298nA */

ReadCapacity(diodes.Cathode[0],diodes.Anode[0]); // Capacity opposite flow direction

if (cap.cpre < -3) { /* capacity is measured */

#if (LCD_LINES > 2)

lcd_line3(); // output Capacity in line 3

#endif

lcd_MEM_string(Cap_str); //"C="

#if LCD_LINE_LENGTH > 16

DisplayValue(cap.cval,cap.cpre,'F',3);

#else

DisplayValue(cap.cval,cap.cpre,'F',2);

#endif

}

#else // SamplingADC

showdiodecap:

cap.cval=sampling_cap(diodes.Cathode[0],diodes.Anode[0],0); // at low voltage

lcd_next_line_wait(0); // next line, wait 5s and clear line 2

DisplayValue(cap.cval,sampling_cap_pre,'F',2);

#ifdef PULLUP_DISABLE

lcd_data('-');

cap.cval=sampling_cap(diodes.Cathode[0],diodes.Anode[0],1); // at high voltage

if (cap.cval < 0) cap.cval = 0; // don't show negativ value

DisplayValue(cap.cval,sampling_cap_pre,'F',2);

#if LCD_LINE_LENGTH > 16

lcd_MEM_string(AT05volt); // " @0-5V"

#else

lcd_MEM_string(AT05volt+1); // "@0-5V"

#endif

uart_newline(); // MAURO Diode ('A')

#else

#warning Capacity measurement from high to low not possible for diodes without PULLUP_DISABLE option!

#endif /* PULLUP_DISABLE */

#endif

goto end3;

} else if(NumOfDiodes == 2) { // double diode

lcd_data('2');

lcd_MEM_string(Dioden); //"diodes "

if(diodes.Anode[0] == diodes.Anode[1]) { //Common Anode

DiodeSymbol_CpinApin(0); // 1-|<-2

DiodeSymbol_ACpin(1); // ->|-3

UfAusgabe(0x01);

#ifdef SamplingADC

goto showdiodecap; // double diodes are often varicap; measure capacitance of one of them

#else

goto end3;

#endif

}

if(diodes.Cathode[0] == diodes.Cathode[1]) { //Common Cathode

DiodeSymbol_ApinCpin(0); // 1->|-2

DiodeSymbol_CApin(1); // -|<-3

UfAusgabe(0x01);

#ifdef SamplingADC

goto showdiodecap; // double diodes are often varicap; measure capacitance of one of them

#else

goto end3;

#endif

// else if ((diodes.Cathode[0] == diodes.Anode[1]) && (diodes.Cathode[1] == diodes.Anode[0]))

}

if (diodes.Cathode[0] == diodes.Anode[1]) {

// normaly two serial diodes are detected as three diodes, but if the threshold is high

// for both diodes, the third diode is not detected.

// can also be Antiparallel

diode_sequence = 0x01; // 0 1

SerienDiodenAusgabe();

goto end3;

}

if (diodes.Cathode[1] == diodes.Anode[0]) {

diode_sequence = 0x10; // 1 0

SerienDiodenAusgabe();

goto end3;

}

} else if(NumOfDiodes == 3) {

//Serial of 2 Diodes; was detected as 3 Diodes

diode_sequence = 0x33; // 3 3

/* Check for any constellation of 2 serial diodes:

Only once the pin No of anyone Cathode is identical of another anode.

two diodes in series is additionally detected as third big diode.

if (diodes.Cathode[0] == diodes.Anode[1]) {

diode_sequence = 0x01; // 0 1

}

if (diodes.Anode[0] == diodes.Cathode[1]) {

diode_sequence = 0x10; // 1 0

}

if (diodes.Cathode[0] == diodes.Anode[2]) {

diode_sequence = 0x02; // 0 2

}

if (diodes.Anode[0] == diodes.Cathode[2]) {

diode_sequence = 0x20; // 2 0

}

if (diodes.Cathode[1] == diodes.Anode[2]) {

diode_sequence = 0x12; // 1 2

}

if (diodes.Anode[1] == diodes.Cathode[2]) {

diode_sequence = 0x21; // 2 1

}

// if((ptrans.b<3) && (ptrans.c<3))

if(diode_sequence < 0x22) {

lcd_data('3');

lcd_MEM_string(Dioden); //"Diodes "

SerienDiodenAusgabe();

goto end3;

}

} // end (NumOfDiodes == 3)

lcd_MEM_string(Bauteil); //"Bauteil"

lcd_MEM_string(Unknown); //" unbek."

lcd_line2(); //2. row

lcd_data(NumOfDiodes + '0');

lcd_data('*');

lcd_MEM_string(AnKat_str); //"->|-"

lcd_MEM_string(Detected); //" detected"

goto not_known;

// end (PartFound == PART_DIODE)

// ========================================

} else if (PartFound == PART_TRANSISTOR) {

// ========================================

#ifdef SEARCH_PARASITIC

if ((ptrans.count != 0) && (ntrans.count !=0)) {

// Special Handling of NPNp and PNPn Transistor.

// If a protection diode is built on the same structur as the NPN-Transistor,

// a parasitic PNP-Transistor will be detected.

ReadCapacity(ntrans.e, ntrans.b); // read capacity of NPN base-emitter

n_cval = cap.cval; // save the found capacity value

n_cpre = cap.cpre; // and dimension

ReadCapacity(ptrans.b, ptrans.e); // read capacity of PNP base-emitter

// check if one hfe is very low. If yes, simulate a very low BE capacity

if ((ntrans.hfe < 500) && (ptrans.hfe >= 500)) n_cpre = -16; // set NPN BE capacity to low value

if ((ptrans.hfe < 500) && (ntrans.hfe >= 500)) cap.cpre = -16; // set PNP BE capacity to low value

if (((n_cpre == cap.cpre) && (cap.cval > n_cval))

|| (cap.cpre > n_cpre)) {

// the capacity value or dimension of the PNP B-E is greater than the NPN B-E

PartMode = PART_MODE_PNP;

} else {

PartMode = PART_MODE_NPN;

}

} /* end ((ptrans.count != 0) && (ntrans.count !=0)) */

#endif

// not possible for mega8, change Pin sequence instead.

if ((ptrans.count != 0) && (ntrans.count != 0)

&& (!(RST_PIN_REG & (1 << RST_PIN)))) {

// if the Start key is still pressed, use the other Transistor

#if 0

if (PartMode == PART_MODE_NPN) {

PartMode = PART_MODE_PNP; // switch to parasitic transistor

} else {

PartMode = PART_MODE_NPN; // switch to parasitic transistor

}

#else

PartMode ^= (PART_MODE_PNP - PART_MODE_NPN);

#endif

}

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS

lcd_set_cursor(0,TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON); // position behind the icon, Line 1

lcd_big_icon(BJT_NPN|LCD_UPPER_LEFT); // show the NPN Icon at lower left corner

if(PartMode == PART_MODE_NPN) {

// _trans = &ntrans; is allready selected a default

lcd_MEM_string(NPN_str); //"NPN "

if (ptrans.count != 0) {

lcd_data('p'); // mark for parasitic PNp

}

} else {

_trans = &ptrans; // change transistor structure

lcd_update_icon(bmp_pnp); // update for PNP

lcd_MEM_string(PNP_str); //"PNP "

if (ntrans.count != 0) {

lcd_data('n'); // mark for parasitic NPn

}

#else /* only character display */

if(PartMode == PART_MODE_NPN) {

// _trans = &ntrans; is allready selected a default

lcd_MEM_string(NPN_str); //"NPN "

if (ptrans.count != 0) {

lcd_data('p'); // mark for parasitic PNp

}

} else {

_trans = &ptrans; // change transistor structure

lcd_MEM_string(PNP_str); //"PNP "

if (ntrans.count != 0) {

lcd_data('n'); // mark for parasitic NPn

}

lcd_space();

#endif

// show the protection diode of the BJT

vak_diode_nr = search_vak_diode();

if (vak_diode_nr < 5) {

// no side of the diode is connected to the base, this must be the protection diode

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS

options = 0;

if (_trans->c != diodes.Anode[vak_diode_nr])

options |= OPT_VREVERSE;

lcd_update_icon_opt(bmp_vakdiode,options); // show the protection diode right to the Icon

#else /* only character display, show the diode in correct direction */

char an_cat; // diode is anode-cathode type

an_cat = 0;

#ifdef EBC_STYLE

#if EBC_STYLE == 321

// Layout with 321= style

an_cat = (((PartMode == PART_MODE_NPN) && (ntrans.c < ntrans.e)) ||

((PartMode != PART_MODE_NPN) && (ptrans.c > ptrans.e)));

#else

// Layout with EBC= style

an_cat = (PartMode == PART_MODE_NPN);

#endif

#else

// Layout with 123= style

an_cat = (((PartMode == PART_MODE_NPN) && (ntrans.c > ntrans.e))

|| ((PartMode != PART_MODE_NPN) && (ptrans.c < ptrans.e)));

#endif

if (an_cat) {

lcd_MEM_string(AnKat_str); //"->|-"

} else {

lcd_MEM_string(KatAn_str); //"-|<-"

}

#endif /* !WITH_GRAPHICS */

} /* endif vak_diode_nr < 6 */

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS

lcd_draw_trans_pins(-7, 16); // show the pin numbers

lcd_next_line(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON); // position behind the icon, Line 2

lcd_MEM_string(hfe_str); //"B=" (hFE)

DisplayValue(_trans->hfe,-2,0,3);

lcd_next_line(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON+1-LOW_H_SPACE); // position behind the icon+1, Line 3

lcd_data('I');

if (_trans->current >= 10000) {

lcd_data('e'); // emitter current has 10mA offset

_trans->current -= 10000;

} else {

lcd_data('c');

}

lcd_equal(); // lcd_data('=');

DisplayValue16(_trans->current,-6,'A',2); // display Ic or Ie current

lcd_next_line(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON); // position behind the icon, Line 4

lcd_MEM_string(Ube_str); //"Ube="

Display_mV(_trans->uBE,3-LOW_H_SPACE);

last_line_used = 1;

#ifdef SHOW_ICE

if (_trans->ice0 > 0) {

lcd_next_line_wait(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON-1-LOW_H_SPACE); // position behind the icon, Line 4 & wait and clear last line

lcd_MEM2_string(ICE0_str); // "ICE0="

DisplayValue16(_trans->ice0,-6,'A',2); // display ICEO

}

if (_trans->ices > 0) {

lcd_next_line_wait(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON-1-LOW_H_SPACE); // position behind the icon, Line 4 & wait and clear last line

lcd_MEM2_string(ICEs_str); // "ICEs="

DisplayValue16(_trans->ices,-6,'A',2); // display ICEs

}

#endif

#else /* character display */

PinLayout('E','B','C'); // EBC= or 123=...

lcd_line2(); //2. row

lcd_MEM_string(hfe_str); //"B=" (hFE)

DisplayValue(_trans->hfe,-2,0,3);

#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff

lcd_space();

lcd_data('I');

if (_trans->current >= 10000) {

lcd_data('e'); // emitter current has 10mA offset

_trans->current -= 10000;

} else {

lcd_data('c');

}

lcd_equal(); // lcd_data('=');

DisplayValue16(_trans->current,-6,'A',2); // display Ic or Ie current

#endif

#if defined(SHOW_ICE)

lcd_next_line_wait(0); // next line, wait 5s and clear line 2

lcd_MEM_string(Ube_str); //"Ube="

Display_mV(_trans->uBE,3);

if (_trans->ice0 > 0) {

lcd_next_line_wait(0); // next line, wait 5s and clear line 2

lcd_MEM2_string(ICE0_str); // "ICE0="

DisplayValue16(_trans->ice0,-6,'A',3);

}

if (_trans->ices > 0) {

lcd_next_line_wait(0); // next line, wait 5s and clear line 2

lcd_MEM2_string(ICEs_str); // "ICEs="

DisplayValue16(_trans->ices,-6,'A',3);

}

#endif

#endif /* WITH_GRAPHICS */

#ifdef SHOW_VAKDIODE

if (vak_diode_nr < 5) {

lcd_next_line_wait(0); // next line, wait 5s and clear line 2/4

DiodeSymbol_withPins(vak_diode_nr);

lcd_MEM_string(Uf_str); //"Uf="

mVAusgabe(vak_diode_nr);

uart_newline(); // MAURO not verified ('D')

} /* end if (vak_diode_nr < 5) */

#endif

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS

PinLayoutLine('E','B','C'); // Pin 1=E ...

uart_newline(); // MAURO OK BJT ('E')

#endif

goto tt_end;

// end (PartFound == PART_TRANSISTOR)

// ========================================

} else if (PartFound == PART_FET) { /* JFET or MOSFET */

// ========================================

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS

unsigned char fetidx = 0;

lcd_set_cursor(0,TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON); // position behind the icon, Line 1

#endif

if((PartMode&P_CHANNEL) == P_CHANNEL) {

lcd_data('P'); //P-channel

_trans = &ptrans;

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS

fetidx = 2;

#endif

} else {

lcd_data('N'); //N-channel

// _trans = &ntrans; is allready selected as default

}

lcd_data('-'); // minus is used for JFET, D-MOS, E-MOS ...

uint8_t part_code;

part_code = PartMode&0x0f;

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS

if (part_code == PART_MODE_JFET) {

lcd_MEM_string(jfet_str); //"JFET"

lcd_big_icon(N_JFET|LCD_UPPER_LEFT);

if (fetidx != 0) {

lcd_update_icon(bmp_p_jfet); // update the n_jfet bitmap to p_jfet

}

} else { // no JFET

if ((PartMode&D_MODE) == D_MODE) {

lcd_data('D'); // N-D or P-D

fetidx += 1;

} else {

lcd_data('E'); // N-E or P-E

}

if (part_code == (PART_MODE_IGBT)) {

lcd_MEM_string(igbt_str); //"-IGBT"

lcd_big_icon(N_E_IGBT|LCD_UPPER_LEFT);

if (fetidx == 1) lcd_update_icon(bmp_n_d_igbt);

if (fetidx == 2) lcd_update_icon(bmp_p_e_igbt);

if (fetidx == 3) lcd_update_icon(bmp_p_d_igbt);

} else {

lcd_MEM_string(mosfet_str); //"-MOS "

lcd_big_icon(N_E_MOS|LCD_UPPER_LEFT);

if (fetidx == 1) lcd_update_icon(bmp_n_d_mos);

if (fetidx == 2) lcd_update_icon(bmp_p_e_mos);

if (fetidx == 3) lcd_update_icon(bmp_p_d_mos);

}

} /* end PART_MODE_JFET */

#else /* normal character display */

if (part_code == PART_MODE_JFET) {

lcd_MEM_string(jfet_str); //"-JFET"

} else { // no JFET

if ((PartMode&D_MODE) == D_MODE) {

lcd_data('D'); // N-D or P-D

} else {

lcd_data('E'); // N-E or P-E

}

if (part_code == (PART_MODE_IGBT)) {

lcd_MEM_string(igbt_str); //"-IGBT"

} else {

lcd_MEM_string(mosfet_str); //"-MOS "

}

} /* end PART_MODE_JFET */

if (part_code == PART_MODE_IGBT) {

PinLayout('E','G','C'); // SGD= or 123=...

} else if (part_code == PART_MODE_JFET) {

PinLayout('?','G','?'); // ?G?= or 123=...

} else {

PinLayout('S','G','D'); // SGD= or 123=...

}

#endif /* WITH_GRAPHICS */

vak_diode_nr = search_vak_diode();

if(vak_diode_nr < 5) {

//MOSFET with protection diode; only with enhancement-FETs

#ifndef WITH_GRAPHICS

#if FLASHEND <= 0x1fff

char an_cat; // diode is anode-cathode type

an_cat = 0;

#ifdef EBC_STYLE

#if EBC_STYLE == 321

// layout with 321= style

an_cat = (((PartMode&P_CHANNEL) && (ptrans.c > ptrans.e)) || ((!(PartMode&P_CHANNEL)) && (ntrans.c < ntrans.e)));

#else

// Layout with SGD= style

an_cat = (PartMode&P_CHANNEL); /* N or P MOS */

#endif

#else /* EBC_STYLE not defined */

// layout with 123= style

an_cat = (((PartMode & P_CHANNEL) && (ptrans.c < ptrans.e))

|| ((!(PartMode & P_CHANNEL)) && (ntrans.c > ntrans.e)));

#endif /* end ifdef EBC_STYLE */

// show diode symbol in right direction (short form for less flash memory)

if (an_cat) {

lcd_data(LCD_CHAR_DIODE1); //show Diode symbol >|

} else {

lcd_data(LCD_CHAR_DIODE2); //show Diode symbol |<

}

#endif

#endif /* not WITH_GRAPHICS */

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS

options = 0;

if (_trans->c != diodes.Anode[vak_diode_nr])

options |= OPT_VREVERSE;

lcd_update_icon_opt(bmp_vakdiode,options); // update Icon with protection diode

#endif

} /* end if NumOfDiodes == 1 */

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS

lcd_draw_trans_pins(-7, 16); // update of pin numbers must be done after diode update

lcd_next_line(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON); // position text behind the icon, Line 2

#if LCD_LINES > 6

lcd_next_line(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON); // double line

#endif

if((PartMode&D_MODE) != D_MODE) { //enhancement-MOSFET

lcd_MEM_string(vt_str+1); // "Vt="

Display_mV(_trans->gthvoltage,2); //Gate-threshold voltage

//Gate capacity

ReadCapacity(_trans->b,_trans->e); //measure capacity

lcd_next_line(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON); // position text behind the icon, Line 3

lcd_show_Cg(); // show Cg=xxxpF

#ifdef SHOW_R_DS

lcd_show_rds(TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON-1); // show RDS at column behind the icon -1

#endif

} else { /* depletion mode */

if ((PartMode&0x0f) != PART_MODE_JFET) { /* kein JFET */

ReadCapacity(_trans->b,_trans->e); //measure capacity

lcd_show_Cg(); // show Cg=xxxpF

#ifdef FET_Idss

} else { // it is a JFET

// display the I_DSS, if measured

if (_trans->uBE!=0) {

static const unsigned char str_Idss[] MEM_TEXT = "Idss=";

lcd_MEM_string(str_Idss);

DisplayValue16(_trans->uBE,-6,'A',2);

}

#endif

}

// set cursor below the icon

#define LINE_BELOW_ICON ((ICON_HEIGHT/8)/((FONT_HEIGHT+7)/8))

#if LCD_LINES > 6

lcd_set_cursor((LINE_BELOW_ICON + 1) * PAGES_PER_LINE,0);

#else

lcd_set_cursor(LINE_BELOW_ICON * PAGES_PER_LINE,0);

#endif

lcd_data('I');

#if (LCD_LINE_LENGTH > 17)

lcd_data('d');

#endif

lcd_equal(); // lcd_data('=');

DisplayValue16(_trans->current,-6,'A',2);

lcd_MEM_string(Vgs_str); // "@Vg="

Display_mV(_trans->gthvoltage,2); //Gate-threshold voltage

#ifdef SHOW_ICE

// Display also the cutoff gate voltage, idea from Pieter-Tjerk

if (_trans->ice0<4800) { // can't trust cutoff voltage if close to 5V supply voltage, since then the transistor may not have been cut off at all

lcd_next_line_wait(0);

lcd_data('I');

#if (LCD_LINE_LENGTH > 17)

lcd_data('d');

#endif

lcd_equal(); // lcd_data('=');

DisplayValue16(0,-5,'A',2);

lcd_MEM_string(Vgs_str); // "@Vg="

Display_mV(_trans->ice0,2); // cutoff Gate voltage

#endif

}

#ifdef SHOW_R_DS

lcd_show_rds(0); // show Drain-Source resistance RDS at column 0

#endif

} /* end of enhancement or depletion mode WITH_GRAPHICS */

#else /* character display */

if((PartMode&D_MODE) != D_MODE) { //enhancement-MOSFET

//Gate capacity

lcd_line2(); // line 2

ReadCapacity(_trans->b,_trans->e); //measure capacity

lcd_show_Cg(); // show Cg=xxxpF

lcd_MEM_string(vt_str); // " Vt="

Display_mV(_trans->gthvoltage,2); //Gate-threshold voltage

#ifdef SHOW_R_DS

lcd_show_rds(0); // show Drain-Source resistance RDS at column 0

#endif

} else {

// depletion

#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff

if ((PartMode&0x0f) != PART_MODE_JFET) { /* kein JFET */

lcd_next_line(0); // line 2

ReadCapacity(_trans->b,_trans->e); //measure capacity

lcd_show_Cg(); // show Cg=xxxpF

#ifdef FET_Idss

} else { // it is a JFET

// display the I_DSS, if measured

if (_trans->uBE!=0) {

lcd_next_line(0);

static const unsigned char str_Idss[] MEM_TEXT = "Idss=";

lcd_MEM_string(str_Idss);

DisplayValue16(_trans->uBE,-6,'A',2);

}

#endif

}

lcd_next_line_wait(0); // line 2 or 3, if possible & wait and clear last line

#endif

lcd_data('I'); // show I=xmA@Vg=y.yV at line 2 or 3

#if (LCD_LINE_LENGTH > 17)

lcd_data('d');

#endif

lcd_equal(); // lcd_data('=');

DisplayValue16(_trans->current,-6,'A',2);

lcd_MEM_string(Vgs_str); // "@Vg="

Display_mV(_trans->gthvoltage,2); //Gate-threshold voltage

#ifdef SHOW_ICE

// Display also the cutoff gate voltage, idea from Pieter-Tjerk

if (_trans->ice0<4800) { // can't trust cutoff voltage if close to 5V supply voltage, since then the transistor may not have been cut off at all

lcd_next_line_wait(0);

lcd_data('I');

#if (LCD_LINE_LENGTH > 17)

lcd_data('d');

#endif

lcd_equal(); // lcd_data('=');

DisplayValue16(0,-5,'A',2);

lcd_MEM_string(Vgs_str); // "@Vg="

Display_mV(_trans->ice0,2); // cutoff Gate voltage

}

#endif

#ifdef SHOW_R_DS

lcd_show_rds(0); // show Drain-Source resistance RDS at column 0

#endif

} /* end of enhancement or depletion mode */

#endif /* WITH_GRAPHICS or without */

#if DebugOut == 5

lcd_line4();

lcd_data('>');

lcd_data('|');

lcd_space();

DisplayValue16(NumOfDiodes,0,' ',3);

#endif

#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff

if (part_code != PART_MODE_JFET) {

for (ii=0;ii<NumOfDiodes;ii++) {

// there is enough space for long form of presenting protection diode

#if LCD_LINES > 6

if (ii == 0) lcd_next_line(0); // line 5 , if possible

#endif

lcd_next_line_wait(0); // line 4, if possible & wait 5s and clear last line

DiodeSymbol_withPins(ii);

lcd_MEM_string(Uf_str); //"Uf="

mVAusgabe(ii);

// uart_newline(); // MAURO OK N-E-MOS/IGBT ('F')

} /* end for ii (NumOfDiodes) */

} /* PART_MODE != JFET */

#endif

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS

if (part_code == PART_MODE_IGBT) {

PinLayoutLine('E','G','C'); // Pin 1=...

} else if (part_code == PART_MODE_JFET) {

PinLayoutLine('?','G','?'); // Pin 1=...

} else {

PinLayoutLine('S','G','D'); // Pin 1=...

}

uart_newline(); // MAURO OK IGBT ('G')

#endif

goto tt_end;

} /* end (PartFound == PART_FET) */

// if(PartFound == PART_RESISTOR)

resistor_out:

if (ResistorsFound != 0) {

if (ResistorsFound == 1) { // single resistor

rpins.pw = Rnum2pins(ResistorList[0]); // get pin numbers for resistor 1

#if FLASHEND <= 0x1fff

lcd_testpin(rpins.pb[0]); //Pin-number 1

lcd_MEM_string(Resistor_str); // -[=]-

lcd_testpin(rpins.pb[1]); //Pin-number 2

lcd_line2(); //2. row

RvalOut(ResistorList[0]);

#else

#if FLASHEND > 0x3fff

if ((ResistorList[0] == 1) && (NumOfDiodes == 0)) {

// is the TP1:TP3 resistor and no additional diode

show_Resis13(); // call of the special resistor measurement

goto shut_off; // key is pressed or timeout

}

#endif

show_resis(rpins.pb[0],rpins.pb[1],0);

#endif

} else { // multiple resistors found, R-Max suchen

ii = ResistorList[0]; // first resistor in the list with number 0,1,2

if (ResistorVal[ResistorList[1]] > ResistorVal[ii])

ii = ResistorList[1]; // second resistor in the list with number 0,1,2

if (ResistorsFound == 2) {

ii = (3 - ResistorList[0] - ResistorList[1]);

} else {

if (ResistorVal[ResistorList[2]] > ResistorVal[ii]) {

ii = ResistorList[2];

}

// ResistorVal[0] TP1:TP2, [1] TP1:TP3, [2] TP2:TP3

#if (TP2!=TP1+1 || TP3!=TP2+1)

x = TP1;

y = TP3;

z = TP2;

if (ii == 1) { /* TP1:TP3 is maximum */

x = TP1;

y = TP2;

z = TP3;

}

if (ii == 2) { /* TP2:TP3 is maximum */

x = TP2;

y = TP1;

z = TP3;

}

#else

// the following does the same as the above, but more cryptically (and in fewer instructions)

x = TP1+(ii>>1);

y = TP3-ii;

z = TP2+(ii>0);

#endif

lcd_testpin(x); //Pin-number 1

lcd_MEM_string(Resistor_str); // -[=]-

lcd_testpin(y); //Pin-number 2

lcd_MEM_string(Resistor_str); // -[=]-

lcd_testpin(z); //Pin-number 3

lcd_next_line(0);

// output resistor values in right order

// if (ii == 0) { /* resistor 0 has maximum */

// RvalOut(1);

// RvalOut(2);

// }

// if (ii == 1) { /* resistor 1 has maximum */

// RvalOut(0);

// RvalOut(2);

// }

// if (ii == 2) { /* resistor 2 has maximum */

// RvalOut(0);

// RvalOut(1);

// }

// again a shorter but cryptical equivalent:

RvalOut(ii==0);

RvalOut(2-(ii>>1));

} // end ResistorsFound==1

goto tt_end;

} // end (PartFound == PART_RESISTOR)

lcd_MEM_string(TestFailed1); //"Kein,unbek. oder"

lcd_line2(); //2. row

#if defined(LANG_ITALIAN) || defined(LANG_FRANCAIS) //italiano or francais

lcd_MEM_string(Bauteil); //"campione"

lcd_space();

lcd_MEM_string(TestFailed2); //"guasto "

#else

lcd_MEM_string(TestFailed2); //"defektes "

lcd_MEM_string(Bauteil); //"Bauteil"

#endif

not_known:

// uart_newline(); // MAURO added

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS

lcd_big_icon(QUESTION); // show big question mark

#endif

#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1

empty_count++;

mess_count = 0;

#endif

max_time = SHORT_WAIT_TIME; // use allways the short wait time

goto end2;

//gakAusgabe:

// PinLayout(Cathode_char,'G','A'); // CGA= or 123=...

TyUfAusgabe:

#ifdef WITH_THYRISTOR_GATE_V

#ifdef WITH_GRAPHICS

lcd_set_cursor(1*PAGES_PER_LINE,TEXT_RIGHT_TO_ICON); // position behind the icon,line 2

#else

lcd_line2(); //2. row

#endif

lcd_MEM_string(Uf_str); // "Uf="

#ifdef WITH_PUT

Display_mV(_trans->uBE,2); // needed instead of ntrans for PUT, but costs 4 bytes more flash...

#else

Display_mV(ntrans.uBE,2);

#endif

// uart_newline(); // MAURO ('I')

#endif

//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

tt_end:

#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1

empty_count = 0; // reset counter, if part is found

mess_count++; // count measurements

#endif

max_time = display_time; // full specified wait time

end2:

ADC_DDR = (1<<TPRELAY) | TXD_MSK; // switch pin with reference to GND, release relay

lcd_refresh(); // write the pixels to display, ST7920 only

while (!(RST_PIN_REG & (1 << RST_PIN)))

; //wait ,until button is released

#ifdef WITH_ROTARY_SWITCH

wait_again:

#endif

ii = wait_for_key_ms(max_time);

#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1

#ifdef WITH_ROTARY_SWITCH

if ((ii > 0) || (rotary.incre > 0))

#else

if (ii > 0)

#endif

{

empty_count = 0; // reset counter, if any switch activity

mess_count = 0; }

#endif

#ifdef WITH_MENU

#ifdef WITH_ROTARY_SWITCH

if ((ii >=50) || (rotary.incre > 2))

#else

if (ii >= 50)

#endif

{

// menu selected by long key press or rotary switch

while(function_menu());// start the function menu

goto loop_start;

}

#endif

if (ii != 0)

goto loop_start;

// key is pressed again, repeat measurement

#ifdef WITH_ROTARY_SWITCH

if (rotary.incre > 0) goto wait_again;

#endif

#ifdef POWER_OFF

#if POWER_OFF > 127

#define POWER2_OFF 255

#else

#define POWER2_OFF POWER_OFF*2

#endif

#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1

if ((empty_count < POWER_OFF) && (mess_count < POWER2_OFF)) {

goto loop_start; // repeat measurement POWER_OFF times

}

#endif

// only one Measurement requested, shut off

#if FLASHEND > 0x3fff

shut_off:

// look, if the tester is uncalibrated (C-source will be included directly)

lcd_cursor_off();

/* HelpCalibration Begin */

#if defined(AUTO_CAL) && (FLASHEND > 0x3fff)

// Check is direct included in the main source of the TransistorTester

// a function with a call from main will use additional 38 bytes of flash

// define additional variables , ii is already defined in main

#define TIME_TO_READ 10000

if (UnCalibrated) {

#ifndef SHORT_UNCAL_MSG

unsigned int jj;

char zeich;

uint8_t space_pos;

uint8_t line_nr;

uint8_t sub_line;

// Output the help text for calibration.

// The text is formatted for two 16 character display lines.

jj = 0;

zeich = ' '; // initial value for while loop

line_nr = LCD_LINES; // begin with the first LCD line, but don't wait

while (zeich != (char)0) { // zero is end of text

space_pos = LCD_LINE_LENGTH; // if no space is found

for (ii=0;ii<(LCD_LINE_LENGTH+1);ii++) { // look for the last space character

zeich = pgm_read_byte(&HelpCalibration_str[ii+jj]);

if (zeich == ' ') space_pos = ii; // save the position

}

if (line_nr == 0) {

// it is the first LCD line, wait for showing the last message

if ((wait_for_key_ms(TIME_TO_READ)) != 0) break; // key pressed

}

sub_line = line_nr % LCD_LINES;

if (sub_line == 0) lcd_clear(); // clear display, line_nr is 0 or 4

lcd_set_cursor(sub_line*PAGES_PER_LINE ,0);

uart_newline();

wdt_reset();

line_nr = (line_nr + 1) % LCD_LINES;

for (ii=0;ii<space_pos;ii++) {

zeich = pgm_read_byte(&HelpCalibration_str[ii+jj]);

if (zeich == (char)0) break; // end of text found

if (zeich == LCD_CHAR_INSEP) {

lcd_space(); // replace with space

} else {

lcd_data(zeich); // display the character without offset

}

if (zeich == (char)0) break; // end of text found

jj += space_pos; // start position of line 2

if((pgm_read_byte(&HelpCalibration_str[jj])) == ' ') jj++; // no space at begin of line

} /* end while */

#else

lcd_clear();

lcd_pgm_string(HelpCalibration_str); // only short message!

#ifdef WITH_UART //Mauro

// uart_newline(); //Mauro

#endif //Mauro

#endif

wait_for_key_ms(TIME_TO_READ); // key pressed

}

#endif /* AUTO_CAL && (FLASHEND > 0x3fff) */

/* HelpCalibration End */

#endif

// MCUSR = 0;

switch_tester_off();

#else /* no POWER_OFF */

shut_off:

// look, if the tester is uncalibrated (C-source will be included directly)

lcd_cursor_off();

/* HelpCalibration Begin */

#if defined(AUTO_CAL) && (FLASHEND > 0x3fff)

// Check is direct included in the main source of the TransistorTester

// a function with a call from main will use additional 38 bytes of flash

// define additional variables , ii is already defined in main

#define TIME_TO_READ 10000

if (UnCalibrated) {

#ifndef SHORT_UNCAL_MSG

unsigned int jj;

char zeich;

uint8_t space_pos;

uint8_t line_nr;

uint8_t sub_line;

// Output the help text for calibration.

// The text is formatted for two 16 character display lines.

jj = 0;

zeich = ' '; // initial value for while loop

line_nr = LCD_LINES; // begin with the first LCD line, but don't wait

while (zeich != (char)0) { // zero is end of text

space_pos = LCD_LINE_LENGTH; // if no space is found

for (ii=0;ii<(LCD_LINE_LENGTH+1);ii++) { // look for the last space character

zeich = pgm_read_byte(&HelpCalibration_str[ii+jj]);

if (zeich == ' ') space_pos = ii; // save the position

}

if (line_nr == 0) {

// it is the first LCD line, wait for showing the last message

if ((wait_for_key_ms(TIME_TO_READ)) != 0) break; // key pressed

}

sub_line = line_nr % LCD_LINES;

if (sub_line == 0) lcd_clear(); // clear display, line_nr is 0 or 4

lcd_set_cursor(sub_line*PAGES_PER_LINE ,0);

uart_newline();

wdt_reset();

line_nr = (line_nr + 1) % LCD_LINES;

for (ii=0;ii<space_pos;ii++) {

zeich = pgm_read_byte(&HelpCalibration_str[ii+jj]);

if (zeich == (char)0) break; // end of text found

if (zeich == LCD_CHAR_INSEP) {

lcd_space(); // replace with space

} else {

lcd_data(zeich); // display the character without offset

}

if (zeich == (char)0) break; // end of text found

jj += space_pos; // start position of line 2

if((pgm_read_byte(&HelpCalibration_str[jj])) == ' ') jj++; // no space at begin of line

} /* end while */

#else

lcd_clear();

lcd_pgm_string(HelpCalibration_str); // only short message!

#ifdef WITH_UART //Mauro

// uart_newline(); //Mauro

#endif //Mauro

#endif

wait_for_key_ms(TIME_TO_READ); // key pressed

}

#endif /* AUTO_CAL && (FLASHEND > 0x3fff) */

/* HelpCalibration End */

#endif

goto loop_start;

// POWER_OFF not selected, repeat measurement

// return 0;

end3:

// uart_newline(); // MAURO ('H')

// the diode is already shown on the LCD

if (ResistorsFound == 0)

goto tt_end;

ADC_DDR = (1<<TPRELAY) | TXD_MSK; // switch pin with reference to GND, release relay

// there is one resistor or more detected

#if (LCD_LINES > 3)

ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK; // switch pin with reference to input, activate relay

#ifdef WAIT_LINE2_CLEAR

lcd_next_line_wait(0);

#else

lcd_line3();

#endif

#else

wait_for_key_ms(display_time);

ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK; // switch pin with reference to input, activate relay

lcd_clear();

//#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff

lcd_data('0'+NumOfDiodes);

lcd_MEM_string(Dioden); //"Diodes "

//#endif

#endif

goto resistor_out;

} // ****** end setup() ***** end main

// function search_vak_diode try to find a diode, which has no side connected to the transistor base

// returns 20, if no diode found

uint8_t search_vak_diode() {

uint8_t ii;

for (ii=0; ii<NumOfDiodes; ii++) {

if ((diodes.Anode[ii] == _trans->b)

|| (diodes.Cathode[ii] == _trans->b))

continue;

// no side of the diode is connected to the base, this must be the protection diode

if (diodes.Voltage[ii] > 1000) break; // Voltage is too high for protection diode

return ii;

}

return 20;

}

/* init_parts initialize all parts to nothing found */

void init_parts(void) {

PartFound = PART_NONE; // no part found

NumOfDiodes = 0; // Number of diodes = 0

ptrans.count = 0; // Number of found P type transistors

ntrans.count = 0; // Number of found N type transistors

PartMode = PART_MODE_NONE;

WithReference = 0; // no precision reference voltage

ResistorsFound = 0; // no resistors found

ResistorChecked[0] = 0;

ResistorChecked[1] = 0;

ResistorChecked[2] = 0;

cap.ca = TP1;

cap.cb = TP3;

#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff

inductor_lpre = 0; // mark as zero

cap.v_loss = 0; // set Vloss to zero

#endif

cap.cval_max = 0; // set max to zero

cap.cpre_max = -15; // set max to fF unit

}

void switch_tester_off(void)

{

#ifdef WITH_UART

uart_putc('O'); // MAURO

uart_putc('F'); // MAURO

// uart_newline(); // MAURO

#endif

#if ((LCD_ST_TYPE == 7565) || (LCD_ST_TYPE == 1306))

lcd_powersave(); // set graphical display to power save mode

#endif

ON_PORT &= ~(1<<ON_PIN); //switch off power

wait2s();

wait_for_key_ms(0); //never ending loop

}

#ifdef WITH_SELFTEST

/* Begin AutoCheck.c */

// Selftest of the device and calibration

#ifdef WITH_SELFTEST

void AutoCheck(uint8_t test_mode) {

/* (test_mode & 0x0f) == 0 , only calibration without T1-T7 */

/* (test_mode & 0x0f) == 1 , calibration and additional T1-T7 */

/* (test_mode & 0xf0) == 0 , check for shorted probes, if unshorted, return */

/* (test_mode & 0xf0) == 0x10 , ask for shorted probes */

uint8_t ww; // counter for repeating the tests

int adcmv[7];

#ifdef EXTENDED_TESTS

uint16_t u680; // 3 * (Voltage at 680 Ohm)

uint8_t taste; // ist key pressed? 0 = no

#else

#ifndef NO_TEST_T1_T7

#warning "Selftest without extended tests T1 to T7!"

#endif

#if defined(EXTENDED_TESTS) || defined(WITH_MENU)

uint8_t tt; // number of running test

#endif

#ifdef FREQUENCY_50HZ

uint8_t ff50; // loop counter for 2s

#endif

// define the maximum count of repetitions MAX_REP

#define MAX_REP 4

#ifdef AUTO_CAL

uint8_t cap_found; // counter for found capacitor

#ifdef AUTOSCALE_ADC

int8_t udiff; // difference between ADC Voltage with VCC or Bandgap reference

int8_t udiff2;

#endif

PartFound = PART_NONE; // no part found before

if ((test_mode & 0xf0) == 0) {

// probed should be shorted already to begin selftest

if (AllProbesShorted() != 3) return;

lcd_clear();

lcd_MEM_string(SELFTEST); // "Selftest mode.."

lcd_line2();

lcd_data('?'); // wait for key pressed for confirmation

if (wait_for_key_ms(2000) > 10) goto begin_selftest; // key is pressed again

#ifdef WITH_MENU

} else {

// report to user, that probes should be shorted

ww = 0;

for (tt=0;tt<150;tt++) { /* wait about 30 seconds for shorted probes */

lcd_clear();

lcd_MEM2_string(SHORT_PROBES_str); // message "Short probes!" to LCD

if (AllProbesShorted() == 3) {

ww++; // all probes now shorted

} else {

ww = 0; // connection not stable, retry

}

if (ww > 3) break; // connection seems to be stable

lcd_refresh(); // write the pixels to display, ST7920 only

wait_about200ms(); // wait 200ms and try again

} /* end for (tt...) */

if (tt < 150) goto begin_selftest; // is shorted before time limit

goto no_zero_resistance; // skip measuring of the zero resistance

#endif

}

// no key pressed for 2s

lcd_clear();

lcd_MEM_string(VERSION_str); //"Version ..."

return;

begin_selftest:

lcd_line2();

Calibrate_UR(); // get Reference voltage, Pin resistance

lcd_MEM2_string(R0_str); // "R0="

eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&EE_ESR_ZEROtab[2]), (uint8_t)0); // clear zero offset

eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&EE_ESR_ZEROtab[3]), (uint8_t)0); // clear zero offset

eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&EE_ESR_ZEROtab[1]), (uint8_t)0); // clear zero offset

adcmv[0] = GetESR(TP3, TP1);

adcmv[1] = GetESR(TP3, TP2);

adcmv[2] = GetESR(TP2, TP1);

DisplayValue16(adcmv[0],-2,' ',3);

DisplayValue16(adcmv[1],-2,' ',3);

DisplayValue16(adcmv[2],-2,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);

if (adcmv[0] >= 90) {

adcmv[0] = ESR_ZERO; // set back to default value

}

eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&EE_ESR_ZEROtab[2]), (uint8_t)adcmv[0]); // fix zero offset

if (adcmv[1] >= 90) {

adcmv[1] = ESR_ZERO; // set back to default value

}

eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&EE_ESR_ZEROtab[3]), (uint8_t)adcmv[1]); // fix zero offset

if (adcmv[2] >= 90) {

adcmv[2] = ESR_ZERO; // set back to default value

}

eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&EE_ESR_ZEROtab[1]), (uint8_t)adcmv[2]); // fix zero offset

last_line_used = 2;

wait_for_key_5s_line2(); // wait up to 5 seconds and clear line 2

#ifdef WITH_MENU

no_zero_resistance:

#endif

#ifdef EXTENDED_TESTS

#define TEST_COUNT 8

if((test_mode & 0x0f) == 1) { /* full test requested */

for(tt=1;tt<TEST_COUNT;tt++) { // loop for all Tests

for(ww=0;ww<MAX_REP;ww++) { // repeat the test MAX_REP times

lcd_clear_line2(); // clear total line 2

lcd_clear_line1(); // clear total line 1

lcd_data('T'); //output the Testmode "T"

u2lcd(tt); //lcd_string(utoa(tt, outval, 10)); //output Test number

lcd_space();

//############################################

if (tt == 1) { // output of reference voltage and factors for capacity measurement

lcd_MEM2_string(URef_str); //"URef="

Display_mV(ref_mv,4);

lcd_line2(); //Cursor to column 1, row 2

lcd_MEM2_string(RHfakt_str); //"RHf="

u2lcd(RHmultip); //lcd_string(utoa(RHmultip, outval, 10));

ADCconfig.Samples = R_ANZ_MESS; // set number of ADC reads near to maximum

}

//############################################

if (tt == 2) { // how equal are the RL resistors?

u680 = ((long)ADCconfig.U_AVCC * (PIN_RM + R_L_VAL) / (PIN_RM + R_L_VAL + R_L_VAL + PIN_RP));

R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RL1; //RL1 to VCC

R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RL1) | (1<<PIN_RL2); //RL2 to -

adcmv[0] = W20msReadADC(TP1);

adcmv[0] -= u680;

R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RL1) | (1<<PIN_RL3); //RL3 to -

adcmv[1] = W20msReadADC(TP1);

adcmv[1] -= u680;

R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RL2; //RL2 to VCC

R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RL2) | (1<<PIN_RL3); //RL3 to -

adcmv[2] = W20msReadADC(TP2);

adcmv[2] -= u680;

lcd_MEM_string(RLRL_str); // "RLRL"

}

//############################################

if (tt == 3) { // how equal are the RH resistors

R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH1; //RH1 to VCC

R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RH1) | (1<<PIN_RH2); //RH2 to -

adcmv[0] = W20msReadADC(TP1);

adcmv[3] = ADCconfig.U_AVCC / 2;

adcmv[0] -= adcmv[3];

R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RH1) | (1<<PIN_RH3); //RH3 to -

adcmv[1] = W20msReadADC(TP1);

adcmv[1] -= adcmv[3];

R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH2; //RH2 to VCC

R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RH2) | (1<<PIN_RH3); //RH3 to -

adcmv[2] = W20msReadADC(TP2);

adcmv[2] -= adcmv[3];

lcd_MEM_string(RHRH_str); // "RHRH"

}

//############################################

if (tt == 4) { // Text release probes

lcd_MEM_string(RELPROBE); // "Release Probes"

if (AllProbesShorted() != 0) ww = MAX_REP-2;

}

//############################################

if (tt == 5) { // can we switch the ADC pins to GND across R_H resistor?

R_PORT = 0;

R_DDR = 1<<PIN_RH1; //Pin 1 over R_H to GND

adcmv[0] = W20msReadADC(TP1);

R_DDR = 1<<PIN_RH2; //Pin 2 over R_H to GND

adcmv[1] = W20msReadADC(TP2);

R_DDR = 1<<PIN_RH3; //Pin 3 over R_H to GND

adcmv[2] = W20msReadADC(TP3);

lcd_MEM_string(RH1L_str); // "RH_Lo="

}

//############################################

if (tt == 6) { // can we switch the ADC pins to VCC across the R_H resistor?

R_DDR = 1<<PIN_RH1; //Pin 1 over R_H to VCC

R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH1;

adcmv[0] = W20msReadADC(TP1) - ADCconfig.U_AVCC;

R_DDR = 1<<PIN_RH2; //Pin 2 over R_H to VCC

R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH2;

adcmv[1] = W20msReadADC(TP2) - ADCconfig.U_AVCC;

R_DDR = 1<<PIN_RH3; //Pin 3 over R_H to VCC

R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH3;

adcmv[2] = W20msReadADC(TP3) - ADCconfig.U_AVCC;

lcd_MEM_string(RH1H_str); // "RH_Hi="

}

if (tt == 7) { // is the voltage of all R_H / R_L dividers correct?

u680 = ((long)ADCconfig.U_AVCC * (PIN_RM + R_L_VAL) / (PIN_RM + R_L_VAL + (unsigned long)R_H_VAL*100));

R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH1; //RH1 to VCC

R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RH1) | (1<<PIN_RL1); //RH1 to +, RL1 to -

adcmv[0] = W20msReadADC(TP1);

adcmv[0] -= u680;

R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH2; //RH2 to VCC

R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RH2) | (1<<PIN_RL2); //RH2 to +, RL2 to -

adcmv[1] = W20msReadADC(TP2);

adcmv[1] -= u680;

R_PORT = 1<<PIN_RH3; //RH3 to VCC

R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RH3) | (1<<PIN_RL3); //RH3 to +, RL3 to -

adcmv[2] = W20msReadADC(TP3);

adcmv[2] -= u680;

lcd_MEM_string(RHRL_str); // "RH/RL"

}

//############################################

if (tt > 1) { // output 3 voltages

lcd_line2(); //Cursor to column 1, row 2

i2lcd(adcmv[0]); // lcd_string(itoa(adcmv[0], outval, 10)); //output voltage 1

lcd_space();

i2lcd(adcmv[1]); // lcd_string(itoa(adcmv[1], outval, 10)); //output voltage 2

lcd_space();

i2lcd(adcmv[2]); // lcd_string(itoa(adcmv[2], outval, 10)); //output voltage 3

}

ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK; // all-Pins to Input

ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL; // all ADC-Ports to GND

R_DDR = 0; // all R-Ports to Input

R_PORT = 0;

taste = wait_for_key_ms(1000); // wait up to 1 second or key is pressed

if ((tt != 4) && (taste > 10)) {

// don't finish repetition for T4 with pressed key

break; // if key is pressed, don't repeat

}

} //end for ww

wait_for_key_ms(1000); // wait up to 1 second or key is pressed

} //end for tt

#if PROCESSOR_TYP == 1280

lcd_clear();

lcd_testpin(TP1);

lcd_data('L');

lcd_equal(); // lcd_data('=');

ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;

ADC_DDR = (1<<TP1) | TXD_MSK;

R_PORT = (1<<PIN_RL1);

R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RL1);

adcmv[0] = W5msReadADC(TP1);

ADCSRB = (1<<MUX5); // switch to upper 8 MUX inputs

adcmv[1] = ReadADC(PIN_RL1);

ADCSRB = 0; // switch back to lower 8 MUX inputs

ResistorVal[0] = (adcmv[0] * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[1] - adcmv[0]);

DisplayValue(ResistorVal[0],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);

lcd_space();

lcd_data('H');

lcd_equal(); // lcd_data('=');

ResistorVal[1] = (vcc_diff(adcmv[1]) * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[1] - adcmv[0]);

DisplayValue(ResistorVal[1],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);

lcd_line2();

lcd_testpin(TP1);

lcd_space();

lcd_data('H');

lcd_equal(); // lcd_data('=');

ADC_PORT = (1<<TP1) | TXD_VAL;

R_PORT = 0;

adcmv[0] = W5msReadADC(TP1);

ADCSRB = (1<<MUX5); // switch to upper 8 MUX inputs

adcmv[1] = ReadADC(PIN_RL1);

ADCSRB = 0; // switch back to lower 8 MUX inputs

ResistorVal[1] = (vcc_diff(adcmv[0]) * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[0] - adcmv[1]);

DisplayValue(ResistorVal[1],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);

lcd_space();

lcd_data('L');

lcd_equal(); // lcd_data('=');

ResistorVal[0] = (adcmv[1] * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[0] - adcmv[1]);

DisplayValue(ResistorVal[0],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);

wait_about1s(); // only for mega1280

last_line_used = 2;

wait_for_key_5s_line2(); // wait up to 5 seconds and clear line 2

lcd_clear();

lcd_testpin(TP2);

lcd_data('L');

lcd_equal(); // lcd_data('=');

ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;

ADC_DDR = (1<<TP2) | TXD_MSK;

R_PORT = (1<<PIN_RL2);

R_DDR = (1<<PIN_RL2);

adcmv[0] = W5msReadADC(TP2);

ADCSRB = (1<<MUX5); // switch to upper 8 MUX inputs

adcmv[1] = ReadADC(PIN_RL2);

ADCSRB = 0; // switch back to lower 8 MUX inputs

ResistorVal[0] = (adcmv[0] * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[1] - adcmv[0]);

DisplayValue(ResistorVal[0],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);

lcd_space();

lcd_data('H');

lcd_equal(); // lcd_data('=');

ResistorVal[1] = (vcc_diff(adcmv[1]) * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) / (adcmv[1] - adcmv[0]);

DisplayValue(ResistorVal[1],-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);

lcd_line2();

lcd_testpin(TP2);

lcd_data('H');

lcd_equal(); // lcd_data('=');

ADC_PORT = (1<<TP2) | TXD_VAL;

R_PORT = 0;

adcmv[0] = W5msReadADC(TP2);

ADCSRB<

تستر ترانزیستور با آردوینو UNO

تجهیزات لازم

درباره این پروژه

نحوه استفاده از تستر

مثالی از تست دستگاه با یک ترانزیستور

کد مربوط تستر